| （摘要内容经过系统自动伪原创处理以避免复制，下载原文正常，内容请直接查看目录。） 尼采以为基督教的品德化偏向终究招致了东方文明中性命审好意义的缺掉，从反基督的不雅念动身，尼采树立了基于人生喜剧性懂得的美学思惟。在晚期作品《喜剧的出生》(《The Birth of Tragedy》)中，尼采自称初次将古希腊的狄俄尼索斯(Dionysus)的神话意义转化为一种“哲学的豪情”(Philosophical Passion)，德语论文范文，以狄俄尼索斯狂欢式的摧毁、就义和救赎的力气来反抗生计的喜剧性，付与人生以性命的意义，从而弥补基督教陵夷后留下的精力空间。《扎拉图斯特拉如是说一一本为一切人义不为任何人所写之书》(《Thus spoke Zarathustra， A Book for All and No one》)中，尼采进一步将狄俄尼索斯的性命理念人格化为超人(Superman)的抽象，以发蒙者的姿势再次向基督教品德伦剃头起冲击，试图在人世树立以“性命意志”为内核的新人的世界。在尼采看来，基督教经一千九百多年的演变、变更和不适当的阐释，已完全沦为弱者的宗教。基督教约束人道，令人们损失性命意志和思虑才能，是腐化的宗教；引入酒神精力(Dionysus Spirit)，是为了震醒俗气停止的欧洲宗教社会，令人性从新风发扬厉，充斥微弱安康的性命力。尼采性命美学的意义就在这里：性命意志(der Wille zum Leben)就是美的缘由，也是美的目标，只要摒弃宗教、品德、律法等内在于性命的评价和请求，回到充分的性命自己，才可以称之为“美的”。尼采对基督教批评之剧烈是史无前例的，他树立的“权利意志”(The will to power)和“超人”(superman)学说也称得上十九世纪以来思惟界最有作用的谈吐之一，但是，鉴于尼采思惟的抵触多面和意义上的隐晦，只懂得他文字外面上的意思是远远不敷的。尼采反基督不雅点的涵义远比它的表象要庞杂很多，也远非一个“虚无主义”的标签可以归纳综合。当尼采说：“天主逝世了”的时刻，他其实不是在饰演一个履行者的脚色，而只是发明并宣告了一个思惟史上早已产生的现实，而尼采对于“天主逝世了”的懂得，更多是基于自发蒙主义以来人文主义者的根本立场：否决基督教义中不合人道、不克不及激起人最年夜限制的性命力气的部门，和宗教组织、神学品德标准和宗教的市平易近化、对象化、俗气化偏向；当尼采为抢救衰颓的欧洲精力而追求新的思惟不雅念时，也以为基督精力还是值得赞美的，他所假想的“超人”的品德，也包含了他以为的基督精力的高尚部门。尼采的思惟是多义的、庞杂的，对基督教的立场也有更庞杂的维度。深究尼采反基督思惟中属于时期与小我带有激烈自我扩大认识的成份，准确对待尼采反基督思惟的真正内在及其内涵抵触性，或许是成心义的。在《扎拉图斯特拉如是说》中，尼采借扎拉图斯特拉之口说：“人是一种应该被超出的器械”，异样，德语论文范文，尼采本身也是应当被重复考量和超出的。 Abstract: Nietzsche thought that the Christian moral turn led to the end of the eastern civilization and the good sense of the lack of good sense, from the idea of the anti Christ, Nietzsche established a comedy based on the life of the aesthetic thinking. In later works the comedy was born "(the the birth of tragedy", Nietzsche claimed first mythological meaning of the ancient Greek of Dionysus, is transformed into a "philosophy of pride" (Philosophical passion), to Dionysus Carnival of destruction, sacrifice and redemption strength to resist the livelihoods of comedy, entrusted with the life to the meaning of life, in order to make up for the decline of Christianity after leaving the energy space. The figure Zara Stella is said one for all the righteous don't anyone written book "(" Thus Spoke Zarathustra, a book for all and no one "), Nietzsche further Dionysus' life philosophy personified in Superman (Superman) abstract, in the Enlightenment position again to Christian morality Lun shaved from the impact of the, trying to in the world to establish" the will to life as the core of the new world. In Nietzsche's opinion, Christian by more than 1900 years of evolution, change and improper interpretation has become completely for the religion of the weak. Christian humanitarian constraints, a loss of life will and consideration to, is the corruption of religion; introducing the Dionysian spirit of Dionysus, in order to awaked tacky stop of European religious society, is the fresh air hair Yangli, full vitality weak health. The significance of Nietzsche's life aesthetics is here: life will (Der wille zum leben) is the beauty of reason is the goal of beauty, long abandoned religious, moral, law etc. in is life evaluation and request, back to the full of his own life, it can be said to "beauty". Nietzsche's criticism of Christianity is acuteness is unprecedented, he set up the "will to power" the will to power) and "Superman" (one of Superman theory also called since the nineteenth century the circle of thinkers most influential style of conversation, however, in view of Nietzsche's thought of conflict multi-faceted and significance of obscure, only know how to him outside of the text meaning is far from enough. Nietzsche's anti Christ indecent point meaning than its appearance to complex many, also, far from being a "Nihilism" label can be summed up. When Nitzsch said: "God died" moment, he is not playing a role performer, but invented and declared an ideological history already produced reality, and Nitzsch on the "death of God" to understand, more is the fundamental position of self enlightenment doctrine since humanism based on the rejection of Christianity: humane, cannot arouse people of utmost strength and life sector, religious organization, religious theology and moral standards of citizens, the object, when Nitzsch is tacky bias; declining European energy rescue and the pursuit of new ideas, but also that the Christ energy is still worthy of praise, his imaginary "Superman" character, he thought the Christ also contains noble energy sector. Nietzsche's thinking is ambiguous and complex, and the position of Christianity has a more complex dimension. Get to the bottom of Nietzsche's anti Christian thought belongs to the period and the ego with intense self expanding understanding of the ingredients, treat correctly Nietzsche's anti Christian thought the true intrinsic and connotation conflict, perhaps is meaningful. In the Zara Stella is said ", Nietzsche by Zarathushtra said:" man is a should be beyond devices ". Likewise, Nietzsche itself and should be repeated consideration and beyond. 目录: |
