On 31 August, 2015, the Park Geun-hye administration proposed the evaluation result of University structure reform and application plans. As a result of evaluation, the government has advised 298 Class B or below Universities to cut down the total quo... On 31 August, 2015, the Park Geun-hye administration proposed the evaluation result of University structure reform and application plans. As a result of evaluation, the government has advised 298 Class B or below Universities to cut down the total quota differentially according to the result. The government has achieved reduction of the total quota to more than 47,000 students, exceeding the expected number of 40,000 students on the first year cycle of University structure reform evaluation by inducing Universities to voluntarily cut down the total number. By presenting the evaluation standard like this, succeeded in reducing number of the University entrance quota, but in the view that the evaluation indexes are unclear and that the evaluation was carried out without enough time, the fairness dispute and the evaluation result may damage the students, who are the members of the university, so it is causing confusion to both university and the society. Since then, as the Lee Myung-bak government launched, University structural reform policy has been seen strong government-led policy. The government-led University structural reform policy has led to the quality degradation of education due to the generalization of higher education. If there were a time when unbalanced enrollment rate in higher education happened owing to low birthrate, the government had to come up with a solution. Furthermore, Half-college-tuition policy, one of President Lee Myung-bak's campaign promises was constantly demanded and it seems that he took political footwork in response to people' voice that University structural reform policy was carried out. Lee Myung-bak administration launched university structure renovation committee to realize university structure renovation. Also, Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye administration promoted evacuating insincere university and reducing entrance quota actively. But the two administrations had limits that they failed to prepare the legal grounds for University structural reform policy, and they realized the policy without legal grounds to add confusion to the universities, so the policies were not able to be promoted continuously and systematically. Also, they aggravated polarization of types, regions, and there are worries that social problems like rankism and academic factionalism can be aggravated, too. Advanced researches about University structural reform policy are mostly on studying necessity and method of University structural reform policy and analyzing the features and issues of University structural reform policy. Therefore, topic of University structural reform policy should be set and research that analyzes the changing policy process integrally is necessary. University structural reform policy is an important social, educational issue, and learning from the past University structural reform policy process will contribute to the future University structural reform policy directions. So The purpse of this study was to analyze the change process of University structural reform policy of Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye administration. This study is an analytical research on events, chances that triggered political exercise to embark on and major activists, mainly focusing on problem stream, politics stream, policy stream that discusses the process of fluctuation on University structural reform policy by the Lee Myung-bak's administration and the Park Geun-hye administration through Kingdon's policy stream model. To achieve the aim of study stated above, research problems are chosen as below. First, how has University structural reform policy by the Lee Myung-bak's administration been developed in Kingdon's policy stream model? Second, how has University structural reform policy by the Park Geun-hye administration been developeding Kingdon's policy stream model? For analysis data on research problems, 11 articles on the newss were used, which includes BIGkinds’ main news articles from national daily newspape Chosunilbo, Dongailbo, University New work. For the rest, government's national research and development institute data, legal data and academic journal were used according to component of analysis. For research result, first, problem stream, politics stream, policy stream in Kingdon’s policy stream model all have run independently before the policy window opens. Seeing the flow of University structure reform by the Lee Myung-bak's administration, remedies for the generalization of higher education and the unbalanced enrollment rate in higher education were needed. For politics stream, Hannara party needed to recover the public sentiment after losing the local election for 4 times after 2010, so the half tuition proposal made by Hwang Woo-yeo representative of Hannare party promoted the driving force of the change to the existing university structure renovation policy. For the policy issue stream of University structural reform policy by the Park Geun-hye administration, regional inequality affected by University structural reform policy by the Lee Myung-bak's administration needed to work out follow-up measures. For politics stream, when Seo Nam-su was appointed the Minister of Education, he came up with measures for University structural reform policy. For policy stream although debate, public forum and presentation were held as a gesture of government support, they seemed superficial and ended up gathering opinions passively. Second, in terms of Kingdon’s policy stream model, University structural reform policy has lead the politics stream and played a decisive role in embarking on policy. Due to the defeat in the local election of the Grand National Party-Hannara and the conflict within an easy-school money policy, University structural reform policy has occurred revolutionarily. The government suggested ‘expansion of tuition after reconstruction of a University’, in addition, the government set up a University structure reform committee that can weed out private schools, implement reduction of quota and consolidation. Under the Park Geun-hye administration, as Seo Nam-soo assumed the minister of education, University structural reform policy by the Lee Myung-bak’s administration was rechecked. Seo Nam-soo led strongly to aim at kicking out unqualified universities and reducing enrollment rate, and then he announced a project proposal of fundamental university structure reform assessment (December 2014) as a policy outcome upon opening the policy window. Third, In the Kingdon’s policy stream model, as a policy activist who opens the window of University structural reform policy, activists in and out of the government all participated, but the impact of in-government activists were bigger. The reason why the impact of activists, especially in-government activists was strong, can be analyzed by different political situation of two administrations. First, Lee Myung-bak administration, the University structural reform policy appeared turning related with half-tuition issue, so the policy process was performed in a short time. And for Park Geun-hye administration, the University structural reform policy was performed by he lead of Ministry of education Seo Nam-su, in review of the past University structural reform policy. In Korean political structure, policy activists are influenced by people with public positions, and especially, it is found that in-government activists have strong influence. In accordance with the outcome of research, policy proposals are listed below. First, in order to push ahead with University structural reform policy smoothly, a valid legal basis needs to be arranged. The two administrations have been exercising leverage on fiscal measures: setting limit on student loans by Lee Myung-bak’s administration and weeding out of unqualified universities and reduction of enrollment rate by the Park Geun-hye administration. However, to establish a long term sustainable University structural reform policy, we are in state of necessity of a valid legal basis. To provide a concrete and fair bill, we need to understand the interest between the two parties and form a social consensus with universities with sufficient discussion and examination. Second, to reduce conflict and dispute of activists and to aim at cooperative government on the decision making of University structural reform policy, person in charge of policy and recipients need to concur with each other. The Lee Myung-bak’s administration and the Park Geun-hye administration worked, playing a role as an activist: a president, a minister and the Ministry of Education. Since such decision-making is considered irrational and the method is not appropriate to be push through, not the nation-centered government, but cooperative government is need to be established to actualize long term sustainable University structural reform policy. To enhance the rationality of proceedings of University structural reform policy, person in charge of policy and recipients should make an effort to form a social agreement and consensus to recover conflicts on fair terms. Third, to prepare for the moment of starting University structural reform policy, we need qualitative improvement as long term planned scheme. The ultimate purpose of university structure reform is for a fundamental problem solving that Universities become the growth engine to secure national competitiveness. However, current University structural reform policy undergoes changes in its aims and method according to presidential system so it is difficult to expect a long term effect. By strengthening the responsibility and autonomy of universities, we need to understand the difference between universities. University structural reform policy should be realized that can demonstrate quality enhancement as well as quantitative modification by guaranteeing their special quality.
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