This study was performed to establish a sustainable management plan for the Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Areas that exists to this day among historically protected P.inus densiflora forests with high protection value. The Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Areas were classified by type after analyzing their concepts of protection, the changing purposes of Pinus densiflora forest protection and management over the years, as well as the current status of the Pinus densiflora forest protection institution and management. Furthermore, the relationship between different protection, management, utilization characteristics by type and the characteristics of the vegetation structure were analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, the author proposed a differentiated vegetation management plan for the protection of the Pinus densiflora forests according to the type of Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Areas. The types of Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Areas were then analyzed by traditional Pinus densiflora forest concept of protection (protection policy and protection purpose), Pinus densiflora forest protection agency and management directions, and the establishment of the value of the Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Areas (inheritance of traditional value, establishment of new value), before they were classified into four different types, namely, sustainable forestry management type, recreation and genetic resource protection type, ecosystem management type, and history-culture-landscape protection type. Sustainable Forest Management Type: Sustainable forest management types refer to Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Area (like Bongsan) that have been traditionally protected for timber production, and are currently designated as Protected Areas for Forest Genetic Resources by the Forest Service. With timber production and forestry management still being implemented today, this type of Pinus densiflora forest is preserved for the core purpose of producing wood with economic value. Timber production, which was the core management objective of protection areas in the past, is still being implemented for this type, thereby making it necessary to adopt a comprehensive management approach, including recreational use that is not related to wood production, protection of genetic resources, and forest landscape management. Recreation and Genetic Resource Protection Type: Traditionally protected for the purpose of producing timber, the Pinus densiflora forest protection area in Bongsan is currently designated as a recreation and genetic resource protection area as well as a recreational forest whose purpose is mainly recreational. However, with the economic value of timber declining, the purpose of the Pinus densiflora forest protection area has lost its significance. Therefore, this type of Pinus densiflora forest requires management, considering that its comprehensive aspects are based on its core purpose (the recreational use of the Pinus densiflora forest), including the protection of genetic resources, landscape management, and preservation of historical and cultural values. Ecosystem Management Type: A Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Area (like Bongsan), which was traditionally protected for timber production, becomes an ecosystem-managed Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Area that is designated as a natural park. Due to the management nature of natural parks, ecological management without artificial management is performed, thereby demonstrating characteristic development, such as the decline of Pinus densiflora forests and ecological transition. Currently, the main goal of Pinus densiflora forest management is the preservation of biological diversity, thereby making it necessary to adopt comprehensive management that considers landscape management and recreational use. History-Culture-Landscape Protection Type: The Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Areas aimed at historical, cultural, and scenic preservation is designated as a Pinus densiflora forest protection area to manage the scenery around the Joseon Dynasty Royal Tomb. To date, it has been managed with the core purpose of landscape management around the royal tombs, thereby making it necessary to adopt comprehensive management tactics by considering recreational use and production of wood for cultural treasures. Of the 51 Traditional Pinus densiflora Forests Protected Areas that have been managed as protection areas, 7 are sustainable forest management types, 2 are recreational and genetic resource protection types, 10 are ecosystem management types, and 32 are history-culture-landscape protection types. Among them, the Uljin Sokwangri Pinus densiflora for. erecta Forest(sustainable forest management type), the Anmyeon-do Pinus densiflora Forest (recreation and genetic source protection type), the Chiaksan Guryongsa Pinus densiflora for. erecta Forest (ecosystem management) and the Samchecok Junkyungmyo Pinus densiflora for. erecta Forest (history-culture-landscape protection type), all of which were evaluated as the most suitable subjects in terms of accuracy and representativeness, were selected as study sites. An analysis of the characteristics of the vegetation structure according to the management purpose of each type of representative study area showed that the characteristics of the vegetation structure in each type of Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Areas are influenced by the concept of traditional Pinus densiflora forest protection, the protection policy of the current protected area, and management content. In the case of the Pinus densiflora forests in Uljin Sokwangri and the Samchecok Junkyungmyo Pinus densiflora for. erecta Forest, which have been managed continuously by adhering to their preservation values and management purpose, and the Anmyeon-do Pinus densiflora Forest, which has been managed by establishing new values and management goals for the traditional Pinus densiflora forest preservation area, Pinus densiflora forests in fine condition were preserved. On the other hand, in the case of the Chiaksan Guryongsa Pinus densiflora for. erecta Forest, where no new values was created nor any differentiated management was performed, its very existence is under serious threat. Furthermore, the Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Areas, where good Pinus densiflora forests have been preserved, has been managed in different ways. However, most of the management contents are not that remarkable as no differentiated management that considers the purpose of management, the characteristics of the vegetation structure, and the various values of ecosystem services through traditional Pinus densiflora forest protection have been implemented. To achieve a sustainable protection of the Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Areas, it is necessary to create new values and set management targets in response to social changes as well as to the changes in the value of forests. Moreover, it was also suggested that a multi-dimensional and differentiated management plan, including the recreational use of Pinus densiflora forests, landscape management, protection of biological diversity, inheritance of history and culture, and development of tourism resources, must be established while abandoning simple management practices in the past, such as timber production and landscape preservation. In this study, the author established the goals and directions of vegetation management by considering the characteristics of each Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Areas by type for the sustainable protection and wise utilization of Traditional Pinus densiflora ForestProtected Areas with protection value, and by investigating the management characteristics and the vegetation structure of Traditional Pinus densiflora ForestProtected Areas. The author also set the vegetation management areas by considering the vegetation management objectives and the vegetation structure of the representative study sites. The Uljin Sokwangri Pinus densiflora for. erecta Forest(Sustainable Forest Management Type) is aimed at managing the production of timber with high economic value in its vegetation management, while the direction of its vegetation management includes the establishment of sustainable forestation and timber production system and the efficient vegetation management for increased wood production. The vegetation management area has been established with five zones, including continuous wood production area and periodic timber production area. The author proposed the vegetation management direction by area and detailed vegetation management methods, including the establishment of a sustainable timber production system (30-year cycle) and a periodic timber production system (70-year cycle). The author also proposed a Pinus densiflora forest management target model for the core areas, including continuous wood production areas and periodic timber production areas. The Anmyeon-do Pinus densiflora Forest (recreational and genetic resource protection type) is aimed at promoting recreational use in its vegetation management to improve the Pinus densiflora forest landscape as part of its vegetation management direction. The vegetation management area is subdivided into 4 areas, including the protected area of traditional Pinus densiflora Forest and the Pinus densiflora landscape management area. The direction of vegetation management and the detailed vegetation management plan, including Pinus densiflora landscape preservation and presentation and Pinus densiflora forest maintenance and management, were suggested. Furthermore, a Pinus densiflora forest management target model for the Pinus densiflora landscape management area, which is the core management area, was presented as well. The Chiaksan Guryongsa Pinus densiflora for. erecta Forest (ecosystem management type), is aimed at preserving biological diversity in its vegetation management through the preservation of the historical value of the Traditional Pinus densiflora Forest Protected Areas and vegetation management to promote biological diversity as part of its vegetation management direction. The vegetation management area is subdivided into 4 areas, including Pinus densiflora landscape management areas and ecological management areas. The direction of the vegetation management and the detailed vegetation management plan, including Pinus densiflora forest maintenance and management, ecological management, and changes in Pinus densiflora forests, were also suggested. Likewise, a Pinus densiflora forest management target model for the Pinus densiflora landscape management area, which is the core management area, was presented. The Samchecok Junkyungmyo Pinus densiflora for. erecta Forest is aimed at preserving and restoring historic scenery with its vegetation management directions identified as vegetation management and establishment of a wood production system for cultural treasures to preserve history, and the culture and scenery of the Joseon Dynasty royal tombs. The vegetation management area has five areas, including Pinus densiflora landscape preservation area and Pinus densiflora landscape management area, and the author suggested the directions of vegetation management by area and detailed vegetation management plan, including Pinus densiflora landscape maintenance and presentation and Pinus densiflora forest maintenance and management. Likewise, a Pinus densiflora forest management target model of the Pinus densiflora landscape protection area, which is the core management area, was presented. Key words: Bongsan, Joseon Dynasty Royal Tomb, Historic and Scenic Forest, Vegetation Structure, Ecosystem Service ，韩语毕业论文，韩语毕业论文 |
