This study is to examine a process how new types of Chinese Zodiac icon were introduced and reformed from Goryeo to Joseon period. The purpose is to make additional contribute to a short numbered studies of Goryeo tomb mural paintings and to link betw... This study is to examine a process how new types of Chinese Zodiac icon were introduced and reformed from Goryeo to Joseon period. The purpose is to make additional contribute to a short numbered studies of Goryeo tomb mural paintings and to link between segmented studies on Chinese Zodiac icon of Unified Silla and Joseon. The Chinese Zodiac is an abstract concept made by ancient Chinese to understand logic and fundamentals of the universe and nature, turned into animals as a visual aid. It also varied into different forms of icon and were used in funeral art in order to realize the concept of the universe in tombs as well as to guide and guard the dead. In the Korean Peninsula, Chinese Zodiac icon first started as burial goods in shape of human body with animal head then turned to statues or relief works around burial mounds of Unified Silla. During Goryeo period, similar type of works was made on retaining stone and the icon continued to maintain. However in mid Goryeo period, centrally from tomb mural paintings, a new type of Chinese Zodiac icon in human bodies with animal shaped official hats appeared. The introduction and adoption of foreign religion and icon has effected and allowed change in the icon. Goryeo from its early years developed cultural and economic exchanges with Song and Liao dynasty. It allowed Chinese offcial Taoism and its rules to be handed down to Goryeo. After the fall of Liao, the Kitan flowed in territory of Goryeo with its Liao art form and it was aggressively adopted in Goryeo tombstones and stone coffins. In 1144, a stone coffin of Heo Jae was found as the earliest example of Chinese Zodiac icon in human body with animal shaped official hat. The icon decorated on Heo Jae coffin has an expression of Taoism yet still remains a Buddhist influence, in over all showing a transitional period of tomb mural paintings. The earliest example of tomb mural painting with Chinese Zodiac icon is Gaepoong Surakamdong in around 1200. On the north wall the rabbit is depicted, instead of the rat, not following a traditional art form of funeral art. Also a pictorial depiction was used in the tomb mural painting different from Chinese due to its origin of Song Taoist figure painting. In Jangdan Bupdangbang tomb mural painting, the Four Directional Deities are removed and only the Chinese Zodiac icons, as centralized subject, are depicted. This is another example of changed forms of tomb mural painting. Also Paju Gwonjun tomb mural painting in 1352 follows these forms. On its north wall three figures are drawn like a Buddha Triad and show mixed Taoist and Buddhist art. Around 1372, Chinese Zodiac icons of King Gongmin tomb mural painting and retaining stone were made in similar style regardless of its material differences. It seems as a result of sculptural Chinese Zodiac icon of Liao sculpture origin. In paintings especially, it lost previous traditions and simply faces the front and ignores pictorial depiction. The five colors used can be an awareness of the Five-Elements theory in Neo-confucianism yet lost its significance of Taoism. In tomb mural painting in early Joseon, 1456 Wonju Donghwari Nohoeshin, the Four Directional Deities reappears in the middle of the wall and the Chinese Zodiac icon, relatively small, at the bottom. The fundamental form of the icon is similar to King Gongmin’s however it is more likely drawn to substitute burial goods. The retaining stones of the royal tombs of Joseon dynasty follows King Gongmin’s including Chinese Zodiac icon. However as the Taoist idea of the Chinese Zodiac faded in time, the need of accurate depiction declined, leading to rough description and eventually replaced with inscription of Chinese characters. The Chinese Zodiac icon in tomb mural paintings of Goryeo imitated religious paintings. Compared to the Chinese tomb mural painting of the same age, Goryeo tomb mural paintings show a more advanced pictorial aspect together with Taoism and its icons. This truly formed a Taoist world view inside the tomb. Choosing the Chinese Zodiac icon for the center subject eliminating other relevant icons is a result of naturalization and change in the form of tomb mural painting. This originates from the form of Goguryeo tomb mural paintings where the Four Directional Deities were highlighted as a central subject. When it comes to Joseon tomb mural paintings, the meaning and the form of Chinese Zodiac icon of Goryeo becomes distorted and eventually becomes extinct. However in change of dynasties, the icon managed to continue and change in funeral art which is a valuable importance, and its present existence show how valuable the work is to be studied art historically. ，韩语论文范文，韩语论文网站 |
