The purpose of this study is to examine the hwa-byung experiences of elderly women by applying a narrative approach. This study consists of the followings. First, how elderly women have experienced hwa-byung and how are they telling about their experi... The purpose of this study is to examine the hwa-byung experiences of elderly women by applying a narrative approach. This study consists of the followings. First, how elderly women have experienced hwa-byung and how are they telling about their experiences through their life stories? Second, what are the contexts of elderly women’s hwa-byung experiences and what are their causes and characteristics? Third, what was the healing process of hwa-byung when Reflected Image Meditation (RIM) was applied to investigate unsolved past trauma? A narrative approach is useful in describing (Describing Narrative) and explaining (Explaining Narrative) the vivid hwa-byung experience stories of research participants and the RIM was effective in telling the event as the direct cause of hwa-byung experience at the corresponding time, and retelling it at current point of time. It was found that their hwa-byung was being healed (Healing Narrative) as they gained new insights and their experiences were being completed into new stories by retelling about their stories, which had been firmly established in their memory, and experiencing them once again through the RIM. In this study, eight sessions of counseling cases were applied as a method of collecting data for this narrative study on three research participants who considered themselves as "a patient with hwa-byung". During the duration of the study from December 2013 to March 2014, eight counseling sessions were held. During each session that lasted 120 minutes, counseling contents were tape-recorded under the consent from research participants. The method of data collection during the process included in-depth interviews, field notes and the author's post-counseling journals. Since close mutual rapport has been formed between the author and the research participants through our religion for 27 years, it was very helpful in collecting data while overcoming any resistance. The data analysis was conducted in three aspects. The first is theoretical considerations on the three types of narratives, namely, describing narrative, explaining narrative and healing narrative. The second is the coding and categorization for the interview and counseling memos and notes. The participants of this study are three elderly women, Ruby, Hwangto and Bada (who will be referred to in this study with these names). These women are members of the religious organization overseen by the author and Ruby, who is 78 years old, was a knitting class instructor Yoko. In her '30s, she married a man who was 12 years older. His previous wife had an affair with a younger dance instructor and ran away together, and Ruby settled into their home to raise his children. She has six children in total, including four children from his previous marriage. Currently, she lives by herself upon being separated from her husband by death. Hwangto, who is 74 years old, quit middle school when she was in the second grade. In her '40s, she fell in love at first sight with a married man with whom she had lived together for 33 years. She currently lives by herself upon being separated from her husband by death two years ago. Bada, who is 64 years old, had two marriages respectively in her '20s and '40s. The two men ran away after their failed businesses. Bada is an excellent mother who has done her very best to raise her two sons and send them to college. She currently lives by herself in Gyeonggi-do. The author has chronologically described the three elderly women's hwa-byung experiences through their life stories. Ruby's hwa-byung experience story included 'marriage and children's betrayal', 'defiance by three daughters from his husband's previous marriage', 'eldest son who is a drunkard' and 'the story of her youngest son'. As for Hwangto, it included 'childhood and her father's illness', 'living together out of wedlock and betrayal, and her short relationships with two men', 'her third man' and 'the death of her third man'. Bada's hwa-byung experience story included 'marriage and betrayal', 'the story of her first man', 'the story of her second man with whom she had a short relationship', 'the story of her third man' and 'becoming financially independent'. One of the first characteristic traits shown in the hwa-byung experiences among the three elderly women is their physical response. Ruby was sweating on her face and back from 'contrition and rage' along and her neck also stiffened. Her sweats were the sweats of anger and feelings of grudge that started from her face and armpits and coming down on her back. They were very sticky and offensive sweats. Bada's sweats were the sweats of fugitive that almost poured down her back. In severe cases, she sweated even in her head causing her to catch a cold in cold weather. For these women who experienced hwa-byung, there was a defense mechanism in their personal relationships and it can be understood as their willful desire to protect themselves against inner wounds. Such defense mechanism was expressed in 'excessive verbal attack and social splitting' or 'cynical smile' hidden within while smiling outwardly to hide her shyness in talking about difficult subjects. Their reactive behavior also included a characteristic of attack and avoidance. They dominate others through their loud voice and intense stare over. In addition, they showed aggressive attitude towards their husband, as well as avoiding situations by hiding. As for the social context of hwa-byung experiences, it included their confusing values resulting from war & poverty, masculine pedigree-orientation and growth-centric economic developmental process. In regards to their family context, it was found that they were experiencing hwa-byung mainly in their interactions and personal networks with their mother, husband, son and acquaintances. While experiencing such hwa-byung, the research participants were suffering from the emotional hwa-byung symptoms such as depression, an ，韩语论文题目，韩语论文范文 |
