| 日语的“～ていゐ”表现“举措的停止”、“成果的连续”和“阅历”、“重复”等多种语法意义。本文以日语的“～ていゐ”为切进口,对与之绝对应的汉韩体表达措施停止了比较,从而明白了其特色与日汉韩体表达特色。起首,先将日语动词分为不具有体对峙的动词(“状况动词”、“性质动词”)和具有体对峙的动词(“举措动词”、“变更动词”、“双面动词”)。依据动词的语义特点,对“～ていゐ”的语义特点停止了考核分类。成果显示“～ていゐ”的意义,依据动词的语义特点可分为“举措停止”、“成果连续”、“纯状况”等三类,同时还表现“习气和重复”、“阅历和记载”、“所属和职业”等,共六类。第二,为了明白“～ていゐ”及其绝对应的汉韩体表达形式,本研究假定一个“动词外形形式”,此形式不只可以用于对日语动词外部构造与体关系的解释,也能够实用于汉韩动词外部构造与体关系的解释。这一“动词外形形式”的根本设法主意是“一切的动词均有一个“原型”,而每一个动词所内涵的寄义及所具有的体决议其表示情势。”第三,在此基本上,以日语的“～ていゐ”为中间,对汉语和韩语的响应表达停止了比较。成果注解日语中表连续的“～ていゐ”,汉语和韩语平日分离用“着”与“hago-itta”、“hae-itta”来表示,然则仅靠这些还不克不及够完整解释日语“～ていゐ”的句法意义。本文以为发生这一误差的缘由,在于各说话主体即措辞人对客不雅世界的认知上的差别形成的,而这类认知的差别又招致说话间表达上的差别。本文力图找出日汉韩3语在体表达上的对应关系及差异,并说明形成差别的缘由。经由过程考核比较,我们得出了以下几点熟悉一是当谓语动词为具有体对峙的动词时,日语不克不及运用完成体来表达如今的举措,举措己开端时必需运用非完成体的“～ていゐ”。而汉语和韩语既可使用完成体,又可使用非完成体。并且在动词的体的表达上,汉韩可以把举措看作全体性举措,也能够把它看作举措的存在状况,即说话主体(措辞人)依据认知视点,选择响应的表达情势。二是在目语和韩语中,体是与时光相干的需要身分,而汉语的体只是动词自己所具有的形状详细化的表示,与时光没有直接的必定的关系。三是在汉语与韩语中,假如举措的成果没无形式标志,不论语义上举措的成果主体或客体能否发生了变更,都不克不及把成果与举措联合起来斟酌。而在日语中,只需举措的成果发生了变更,就必需把这些成果与一切的举措联合起来。这类认知措施,与“性质动词/ていゐ”的用法和“阅历”“记载”的派生意义相干,这些都是日语独有的特点。 Abstract: "To the last" of the Japanese "initiatives to stop," results of continuous "and" experience "," repeat ", such as a variety of grammatical meaning. The Japanese "to the last" to cut imports, the Han Chinese and the absolute expression method compare, to understand the characteristics and Japanese and Chinese Han expression characteristics. First of all, the first Japanese verb into a verb has no body confrontation ("verb", "nature of verb") and has a body confrontation verb ("action verbs", "change the verb" and "double verb"). According to the semantic features of verbs, "to the last" semantic features stop assessment classification. Results show "to the last", according to the semantic features of the verbs can be divided into "measures to stop" and "results for", "pure" and other three kinds, but also "habits and repetition, experience and record," owned and career ", a total of six categories. Second, Korean and Chinese to understand "to the last" and absolute expression form, this study assumed a "verb form form, this form can not only for the interpretation of Japanese verbs external structure and relation, may also be applied to interpretation of Korean and Chinese verb external structure and relation. The fundamental "verb shape form" idea "verbs all a" prototype ", and the meaning of each verb meaning and has the resolution of body form." Third, this basically, the Japanese "the last ~" as the center, in response to the Chinese and Korean expression compared to stop. Continuous "to the last" results annotations in Japanese, Chinese and Korean daily separation with "a" and "hago-itta", hae-itta ", however these alone is not enough to fully explain the Japanese" to the last "of the syntactic meaning. This article thought that causes the error, is the main form of wording to the objective world of cognitive differences, and this kind of cognitive differences and the differences between the expression to speak. This tries to find out the relationship and differences of body language in Japanese Chinese Han 3 expression, and explain the reason of the formation of difference. Through the process of appraisal comparison, we draw the following a few familiar one is when the predicate verbs with body confrontation, Japanese means late application complete body to express today's move, the move has started must apply non completion of the body "to the last". Chinese and Korean can be used to complete the body, but also the use of non complete body. And in the expression of verbs on the Chinese and Korean can take measures as all initiatives, but also to the existing situation as it moves, the speaking subject (speaker) according to the cognitive view, select the response of the expression situation. Second is in Japanese and Korean, is coherent with the time of identity needs, and Chinese body just verb has the detailed shape of said no direct inevitable relationship with time. The three is in Chinese and Korean, if no measures result form marks, not on the measure results of semantic subject or object can have changed, can not be combined to consider achievements and initiatives. In Japanese, changed only measure results, we must take these results with all initiatives together. Coherent derived meaning of this kind of cognitive method, and the nature of verb / at ("usage of the and experience" records, these are the characteristics unique to the Japanese. 目录: |
