| 最近几年来,任务记忆和选择性留意之间的关系遭到广泛存眷,然则今朝年夜多半的研究都存眷任务记忆和成心留意间的关系,很少有研究斟酌有意留意和任务记忆之间的关系,而对于两者之间关系的考核更有益于解释任务记忆在选择性留意中的认知掌握机制。本研究经由过程两个试验来研究任务记忆负荷对于有意留意的作用,重要是为了考核任务记忆的认知掌握功效是若何在选择性留意中起感化的。试验一中为了尽可能防止任务记忆和选择留意的目的或许搅扰子之间的知觉留意资本的竞争,采取言语任务记忆义务和视觉空间地位鉴别义务,同时视觉搅扰安慰采取被试没法辨认的韩语,来考核言语任务记忆负荷对于搅扰效应的作用。成果发明,在高任务记忆负荷前提下,搅扰效应明显；而在低负荷和中负荷前提下,没有不雅察到搅扰效应。这解释,低负荷和中负荷前提下,被试可以或许分派过剩的认知掌握资本来克制搅扰项；而在高负荷前提下,被试没有足够的资本来克制搅扰加工,从而涌现了明显的搅扰效应。试验一的成果充足解释任务记忆在选择性留意中履行认知掌握功效,支撑了负荷实际的不雅点。试验二中采取ERP技巧来考核任务记忆负荷对于有意留意各个阶段加工的作用,成果发明,当任务记忆负荷增长时,标记着晚期转变探测加工的MMN成份的波幅增年夜,而标记着有意留意定向加工的新异P3成份的波幅减小。这解释,晚期的转变探测阶段须要被试的自动克制,而自动克制须要认知掌握资本,高的任务记忆负荷前提会消费认知掌握资本,从而招致自动克制的掉败,是以代表转变探测加工的MMN成份的波幅增年夜；而早期留意对于新异安慰的加工则须要消费知觉留意资本,当任务记忆负荷增年夜时,加工新异安慰的知觉处置资本就会削减,从而招致新异P3成份波幅的减小。这个成果解释,对于有意留意自上而下的掌握性加工在晚期的转变探测阶段重要是自动的克制,而在前期的留意加工阶段酿成了主动的加工。综合本研究试验一二,可以看出,任务记忆在选择性留意中确切施展着认知掌握的功效,而同时任务记忆义务的完成也须要消费普通的知觉处置资本。是以,任务记忆负荷的增高一方面会减小任务记忆的认知掌握资本,同时也会削减选择留意义务的知觉处置资本,这时候其对选择性留意义务的作用取决于哪一种资本的消费更年夜,或许哪一种资本的作用占优势。在Lavie等人(2004,2005)的研究中,认知掌握资本的消费发生的作用更显著,是以不雅察到任务记忆负荷增高招致搅扰效应减小,从而有了负荷实际。而在Kim等人(2005)的研究中,知觉留意资本的竞争更剧烈,从而不雅察到任务记忆负荷对于搅扰效应的作用取决于任务记忆负荷的类型,从而有了负载特异机制实际。可以说,两者从分歧的角度阐释了任务记忆和选择性留意之间的交互关系。 Abstract: In recent years, the relationship between working memory and selective attention between was widespread concern, however, today most of the eve of the research of deposit dependents memory task and to intentionally pay attention to the relationship, there are few studies consider intentional relation between attention and working memory, and about the relationship between the two assessment more beneficial to explain memory task in the selective attention in cognitive control mechanisms. This study through two experiments to study the impact of task memory load on the intention to pay attention to, it is important to assess the role of memory in the task of cognitive control is how to play the role of selective attention. Test in as far as possible in order to prevent the working memory and selective attention to perhaps interference between perceptual attention to capital competition, take speech memory task obligations and visual spatial position identification obligations, and visual interference comfort take subjects have failed to recognize Korean, to test the effects of nuclear verbal working memory load on the interference effect. Result discovery, in the high working memory load condition, interference effect is obvious; and in the premise of the low load and the load, no observations to interference effect. This explanation, the premise of the low load and the load, subjects may assign excess of cognizing and mastering capital restraint interference to; and in high load condition, subjects without enough capital to overcome the trouble processing, thus the emergence of a significant interference effect. One of the results of the test is sufficient to explain the task memory in the selective attention to the performance of cognitive control, to support the load of the actual point of view. In the second test, take the ERP technique to assess memory task load of intention to pay attention to the influence of processing stages, inventions, when the memory task load growth, marking the late change detection processing of MMN component amplitude enlargement, and marks the conscious attention orientation processing of novelty P3 component amplitude decreases. This explanation, advanced change detection stage need of automatic restraint, and automatic restraint cognitive needs access to capital, high working memory load condition consumer cognitive access to capital, cause thereby automatic restraint of failure is to represent the change detection processing of MMN component amplitude enlargement, and early attention about the comfort of novel processing needs of consumer perception attention to capital, when the memory task load enlargement, processing novel comfort perception disposal of capital will be cut, resulting in novelty P3 component amplitude decreases. This interpretation of the results on the intention to pay attention to the mastery of top-down processing in the late stage of change detection is an important automatic restraint, and in the early attention to the processing stage of the active processing. Based on the experiment of this study one or two, we can see that task memory in the selective attention to the exact display of the cognitive control of the efficacy, while the task of the completion of the task of memory also need to consume the general perception of the disposal of capital. , task memory load increased on the one hand will reduce memory task of cognizing and mastering capital and cut selective attention obligation perception disposal capital, this time the selective pay attention to obligations, depending on what kind of capital spending more of the eve of the, perhaps what a capital advantage. In research of Lavie et al. (2004), cognizing and mastering capital spending significantly more is to observations to task memory load increased lead to reduce the interference effect, and the actual load. And in Kim et al (2005) research, perceptual attention capital competition more intense, thus not Yacha to memory task load on the disturb effect depended on the type of task memory load, so as to have a specific mechanism of actual load. It can be said that the two from the point of view of the differences between the task memory and selective attention to the interaction between. 目录: |
