Conversation doesn't mean one-way communication from a speaker to a listener. It should be interactive between them. So the role of the listener is as crucial as that of the speaker in a conversational situation. When the listener responds to the spea...
Conversation doesn't mean one-way communication from a speaker to a listener. It should be interactive between them. So the role of the listener is as crucial as that of the speaker in a conversational situation. When the listener responds to the speaker adequately, the conversation becomes more active and richer. The verbal or nonverbal responses the listeners show in a conversation are called 'Back Channels,' which plays an important role in effective communication.
One of the main goals of English education is ‘to enhance fluent communication abilities in a real situation,’ which was reflected in the revised education curriculum in 2007.
This study has analyzed backchannel expressions of American dramas and their Korean dubbed versions. It has examined how they are different in forms and functions. It also has analyzed backchannel expressions and their functions according to gender and characters. Finally, some practical suggestions are made as to how the findings of this study can be used in class.
In the first chapter, this study covers the research objectives and necessity of backchannel. In the second chapter, the definitions and functions and forms of backchannel are distinguished and previous studies are reviewed. In the third chapter, the backchannels which appeared in both American dramas and their Korean dubbed versions are compared. It analyses differences between backchannel’s functions and expressions according to characters and genders in the American dramas. Finally the study results and some suggestions are in the fourth chapter.
This study’s some results are as follows.
First, 'clarification request functions' were the highest in both original and dubbed dramas. 'Agreement,' 'emotional response functions,' and ‘newsmarker’ were followed accordingly. Because there was no significant difference in the number of backchannel usages in both versions, it could be said that a dubbed version faithfully reflected the contexts of its original one. In some cases, the Korean dubbed version changed backchannel functions of the original ones to normal conversations. This can explain that people express their personal feeling more easily in the western cultures than in the oriental cultures. In other words, this means that languages are affected by both a culture and a society.
Secondly, utterances such as 'yeah', oh,' and ‘o.k.’ were the highest in both original and dubbed dramas. 'Repetitions,' ’changing words,’ and 'guessing words in advance' were followed. Repetitions were most frequently found in both an original version and a dubbed one. Besides repetitions, changing words and guessing words in advance, some expression are 'yeah,' 'what,' 'oh,' 'o.k.,' 'good,' and etc in the original dramas, and 'Grae(O.K.),' 'Ne(Yes),' 'Monde?(what?),' in the Korean equivalents.
Thirdly, there were some differences in using backchannel according to characters in a drama. If the character was reasonable and logical, she was likely to use more explanatory expressions. On the other hand, if the character was more emotional and sentimental, she was likely to use more expressions which contained feeling or newsmarker, and agreement.
Fourthly, in terms of back channel functions in American dramas, male requested overwhelmingly explanations. Agreement(positiveness) were the next. However, newsmarker, emotional expression, agreement(positiveness) were being equally used by female.
Fifthly, in the comparison of using backchannel according to gender, male characters not only used more backchannel expressions but also they used more repetitions and changing words than female characters. This finding confirms the previous researches that males express their opinions more actively than females do.
In order to do effective communication, we need not only conversation based upon grammar but also contextual communication tool. This study confirms that back channel plays a very crucial role in conversation as an effective communication tool.
One of the main purposes of English education is to enhance natural communication abilities in a real situation. Therefore students need to learn and practice the use of backchannel expressions to improve their communication abilities in class. In order to introduce backchannel method to students, the functions and expressive forms of backchannel should be explained in advance and let them find out some backchannel expressions in their favorite American dramas. And teachers can give them different situations and let them make situational dramas with back channel expressions and practice them in class.
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