It is difficult that the difference between possibility and impossibility of exchange with the 4 forms to be most representative of research on Japanese conditional sentence, [to],[ba],[tara],[nara] are understood and used by Korean native speaker.
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It is difficult that the difference between possibility and impossibility of exchange with the 4 forms to be most representative of research on Japanese conditional sentence, [to],[ba],[tara],[nara] are understood and used by Korean native speaker.
This thesis consider similarity of the 4 forms and difference of it and try to certainly examine the part of important at the possibility sentence of exchange.
Also, What is the propose to make more systematicly translating the 4 forms to Korean, through how often the basis meaning of the 4 forms is reflected in each 4 genre- drama, novel, , news and analysis how translate to Korean.
1. The meaning of [to], [ba], [tara], [nara] and analysis the function of that
Difference of 4 forms depend on an usage expression, a following sentence's management, existence or nonexistence of arbitrary expression. An example how you can distinguish and use it in Korea is just stay here not embody.
However many people confuse what should be used among the 4 forms when they face Japanese.
I had extracted 38 sentences in exercise book, textbook, translation and let 10 Japanese native speakers selected only one that mainly used in the 38 sentences.
Although same sentence, there is a discrepancy as circumstance and each individual but I analyzed the part to be preponderated seen generally.
When 38 sentences had classified into 9 groups, if that was eliminate a form element like an usage expression, a following sentence's management, existence or nonexistence of arbitrary expression, the result is as follows.
① [to] : a condition of habit, repetition. a condition of universality principle, truth. a condition of basis presentation. the same condition with [te].
② [to] [tara] : a individual condition of discovery, synchronism.
③ [tara] : a condition of the past on the opposite reality. a condition of plan.
④ [ba] : a condition of subjective truth.
⑤ [nara] : a condition of hypothesis
2. Analysis of the usage in translation
I researched into the using frequency of 4 forms in each 4 genre- drama, novel, , news and Korean translation and analyzed that. With analysis, I could know that the result undergo a change as what [nara] is classified. In this thesis, through preceding study, [nara(ba)] connected with noun or (na)adjective is classified as [ba]. [Nara(ba)] connected with the past or verb[no nara(ba)], [verb[no] nara(ba)] is classified as [nara] and what is having application to conjunction form and (∼kurainara), (∼mononara), (∼kotonara) is classified as [ba].
It did not exist a specially difference between the result of research and enquete of Japanese speakers.
①[To] has various meaning as well as a addition to condition form. So it is occupying many importance each 4 genre. Such reaction is especially prominent in novel and that have many expression with time and description.
In the future, I feel the necessity to study [to]' rule and connection by detail analysis of [to]
②Because basis character of [ba] is theoretical, logical, objective result, I think that [ba]form suit with the news. The same in this research, [ba] has been used much more than [to]form except for the sentence to present the basis like (∼ni yoruto)form.
But, although it is subjective condition, if you believe it as the truth and try to make the others understood or persuaded, you use [ba] much more. In such point, I can explain the reason why [ba] is used relatively much in the which the rationalization of the individual is emphasized.
Therefore, I can say [ba]form is the condition that pursue logical validity of a objetive and subjective theory.
③[tara]form to express the dependence relation which involved indivisual incidents in time and space. And it appears in the drama frequently, but I could not look up the news.
④[Nara] is used often when you express own judgment and attitude through you expect and assume something. Also, it is used often when you advise and recommend after take the story or the decision from other people. However, [nara]form is used alone just in qualifying sentence.
Especially, [nara] connected with a verb, a adjective is unusual, so it is few in 4 genre, too. [nara]form got a subjective character is seen rarely in the news as well as [tara]form.
Basis meaning of the conditional 4 forms in Japanese is reflected as much as we could analyze it by 4 genre.
3. Equivalent Korean
For Korean native speaker who study Japanese, Japanese-Korean dictionary is the most important thing. I had researched Korean translation of 4 forms written by 9 dictionaries of 8 publishing companies.
<∼hamyun> is general, then comes <∼iramyun>, <∼hanika>, <∼handamyun>, <∼haja>, <∼hetderamyun>, <∼hetderni>, <∼gatteumyun> in that order.
Partcularly, [to]form got <∼hamyun>, <∼haja>, <∼hanika> in order, [ba]form is corresponded to <∼hamyun>, <∼hanika>, <∼handamyun> in order, [tara]form is answered <∼hamyun>, <∼hetderamyun>, <∼hetderni> in order.
[nara]form's got different result from [to], [ba], [tara]. It is appeared <∼iramyun>, <∼handamyun>, <∼gotteumyun> in order.
However, although they are binded formally same, Korean translation reached 58 group.
Therefore, I caught the meaning of a sentence, then I divided as follows into some class but leaved the interpreting as it is not to bind.
①assume ∼hamyun ②time ∼halte ③previously action ∼hetderni ④if∼phrase ∼handamyun
The result appeared as follows in order.
1. [to]form - <∼hamyun>, <∼hetderni>, <∼haja(maja)>, <∼halte>
2. [ba]form - <∼hamyun>, <∼iramyun>, <∼handamyun>, <∼heteumyun>
3. [tara]form - <∼hetderni>, <∼hamyun>, <∼handamyun>
4. [nara]form - <∼iramyun>, <∼handamyun>
This is different result from Japanese-Korean dictionary.
I hope that this thesis help Korean native speaker using 4 forms easily when they get the first step in Japanese study, through they understand the basis character of the 4 forms with 4 genre and learn the way to interpret by the group.
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