| 量词是汉藏语系中的说话所独有的说话景象。说话学家对于量词很早就开端停止研究了，将汉语和别的一种说话停止比较的文章也有很多，然则从说话品种下去说，除英语以外，另外一种说话多集中在东亚地域，它们分离是日语、韩语、越南语、泰语等。将汉语和乌尔都语量词领域停止比拟今朝在学术上照样一个空白，简直没有人专门比较过汉语和乌尔都语语法的特色、差异及其相互作用。是以，自己欲借助母语为乌尔都语且在中国粹习汉语多年的优势，联合现有学术结果提出本身的不雅点，对这一成绩停止测验考试性商量。愿望经由过程本文的比较剖析，韩语毕业论文，起到指点本国先生更勤学习汉语的感化，进步对外汉语教授教养的迷信性与针对性。本论文重要基于类型说话学、认知说话学、比较说话学的实际，对汉语和乌尔都语两种说话中的经常使用量词（乌尔都语没有量词，应该称为量领域，本文为了和汉语的提法对应，所以称之为量词）停止比较剖析。力争经由过程对两种说话经常使用量词的详细描述、比拟，韩语论文，寻觅乌尔都语这类由多说话“聚合”而成的说话在量词运用方面的纪律。论文第一章为绪论，重要引见乌尔都语的一些根本情形，和后人对于量词研究的现状和本论文的根本思绪和办法。第二章我们从类型说话学、认知说话学和语法化的角度对汉语和乌尔都语量词停止懂得读。第三章和第四章则是详细比较剖析两种说话的经常使用量词。第五章对两种说话中的表量词所带的修辞颜色比较剖析。第六章重要对两种说话表量词语的对应性与非对应性停止了周全地剖析。总之，本论文是以汉语量词为参照，将乌尔都语与其停止比对。作为对汉语和乌尔都语两种说话表量体系差异的初探者，我们不敢苛求此研究精美绝伦，只想尽自己所能尽可能具体、清晰地对两种说话的表量体系停止描述、剖析。我们愿望抛砖引玉，往后能有更多的学者浏览这一研究范畴。 Abstract: The quantifier is unique to Sino Tibetan language to speak scene. Speak scientist about quantifier very early began to study the, Chinese and another stop talking article comparing many. However from spoken varieties, in addition to English, also a talk and more concentrated in the East Asian region, they are Japanese, Korean, more South language, Thai and other. The Chinese and ur all quantifiers field stop compared to the current academic still a blank, almost no one specialized is Chinese and ur are grammar features, similarities and differences and mutual influence. Is, I want to use the native language for ur language and in China to learn Chinese for many years the advantages, combined with existing academic results are presented itself indecent point, on the achievements of the stop test to discuss. Through the comparative analysis of the process of this paper, it has played a role in the improvement of Chinese students' learning of Chinese, and the science and pertinence of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The purpose of this paper is mainly based on the type of learning to speak, cognitive learning to speak, is learning to speak of actual, on Chinese and ur are language in two words often use quantifiers (Urdu no quantifiers, should call for field, this paper to Chinese and the formulation of corresponding, so called for words) stop the comparison analysis. Strive to pass process on two speak often use classifiers are described in detail, analogy, looking for Urdu this by talking "polymerization" and speak in terms of quantifiers are applied discipline. The first chapter is the introduction, introduce ur are some basic situation of the language, and later a quantifier research status and the basic train of thought and methods. In the second chapter, we from the type of learning to speak, cognitive talk and grammaticalization perspective on Chinese and ur all quantifiers stop knows how to read. The third chapter and the fourth chapter is a detailed comparative analysis of two languages often use quantifiers. In the fifth chapter, the comparative analysis of the figures of speech in the two kinds of speech. In the sixth chapter, it is important to analyze the correspondence and non correspondence of the two kinds of spoken words. In conclusion, this paper is based on the Chinese quantifiers for reference, the Urdu and stop comparison. As to Chinese and Urdu language two table talk system similarities and differences of them, we can't crave this research exquisite, but try you can as far as possible specific and clearly on two talking scale system stop description and analysis. We wish this back to have more scholars view this research field. 目录: 中文摘要 5-6 ABSTRACT 6-7 第一章 绪论 10-24 1.1 乌尔都语介绍 10-12 1.1.1 乌尔都语的形成 10-11 1.1.2 乌尔都语的历史发展 11 1.1.3 乌尔都语的语言特点 11-12 1.2 汉语量词问题的探讨状况 12-21 1.2.1 汉语量词的来源 12-13 1.2.2 汉语量词的定名 13-15 1.2.3 汉语量词的分类 15-18 1.2.4 汉语量词的语法功能 18-20 1.2.5 汉语量词的修辞色彩 20-21 1.3 乌尔都语与汉语量范畴探讨的基本思路和措施 21-22 1.3.1 乌汉语量范畴探讨的基本思路 21 1.3.2 乌汉语量范畴的探讨措施 21-22 1.4 乌汉语量范畴对比探讨的目标 22-24 1.4.1 深入细致略论汉语与乌尔都语的量词范畴 22-23 1.4.2 建立汉语乌尔都语量词对比数据库 23 1.4.3 指导巴基斯坦人提高学习汉语量词教学措施 23-24 第二章 乌尔都语与汉语量范畴的类型学思考 24-49 2.1 汉语量词标记与乌尔都语单复数标记 25-33 2.1.1 乌尔都语名词意义角度的分类 26-27 2.1.2 乌尔都语名词结构角度的分类 27-28 2.1.3 乌尔都语名词的词性范畴 28-30 2.1.4 乌尔都语名词的数 30-33 2.2 汉语量词与乌尔都语表量名词 33-35 2.3 汉语与乌尔都语量范畴的认知解读 35-38 2.3.1 从认知角度看量词使用的强制性 35-36 2.3.2 从认知角度看量词使用的灵活性 36-38 2.4 汉语与乌尔都语量范畴的语法化 38-44 2.4.1 乌尔都语量范畴的语法化 39-42 2.4.1.1 乌尔都语名词数范畴的演化 39-41 2.4.1.2 乌尔都语量范畴对动词体的制约 41-42 2.4.2 汉语量范畴的语法化 42-44 2.4.2.1 汉语量词语法化过程中的功能类比性延伸 42-43 2.4.2.2 汉语量词语法化过程中的结构调整 43-44 2.5 汉语乌尔都语事物数量的表达方式 44-48 2.5.1 汉语表达事物或动作行为数量的常用方式 44-45 2.5.2 乌尔都语表达事物或动作行为数量的常用方式: 45-48 2.6 小结 48-49 第三章 汉语量词与乌尔都语相应成分的对比略论 49-87 3.1 乌汉语言个体量词相应成分的对比略论 50-87 第四章 汉语与乌尔都语集合量词的对比略论 87-102 4.1 集合量词 87-102 第五章 不定量词 102-106 第六章 度量词 106-110 第七章 准量词 110-115 第八章 临时量词 115-128 8.1 临时量词语义的多义性 125-128 第九章 动量词 128-132 第十章 汉语与乌尔都语表量词修辞色彩 132-140 10.1 汉语与乌尔都语表量词修辞色彩 132-135 10.2 汉语与乌尔都语表量词的格调色彩 135-136 10.3 汉语与乌尔都语表量词的口语格调 136-140 第十一章 汉语与乌尔都语表量词语对应性与非对应性 140-157 11.1 汉语与乌尔都语表量的对应性 141-146 11.2 汉语与乌尔都语表量结构的对应性 146-149 11.3 汉语与乌尔都语表量的非对应性 149-157 结论 157-159 参考文献 159-170 附录1 170-171 附录2 171-194 致谢 194-195 |
