The purpose of this study is to analyze the aspect of refusal speech acts between South Koreans and North Korean refugees. The division of territory between North Korea and South Korea caused differences in sociocultural context in South Korea and Nor...
The purpose of this study is to analyze the aspect of refusal speech acts between South Koreans and North Korean refugees. The division of territory between North Korea and South Korea caused differences in sociocultural context in South Korea and North Korea as time passed over 70 years. Although both countries speak the same language, now both feel difficult to understand each other. When North Korean refugees arrive South Korea, they are required to stay at Hanawon, which is the settlement support facility for North Korean refugees, where they receive education on South Korean language and culture. For the most time during the South Korean language class they learn about loan words which are used only in South Korea, but not in North Korea.
For the fluent communication, it is important to understand not only grammar and vocabulary but also sociocultural context in the language. Speakers usually say with expectations of listeners’ reaction which is socially acceptable. Therefore to communicate successfully, it is necessary to prepare pragmatic competence and sociopragmatic knowledge.
The data were elicited using Written Discourse Completion Test(DCT) from 50 native South Korean speakers and 50 North Korean refugees. The DCT consists of the questions classified into 12 requesting situations and 12 inviting situations depending on three factors: social status, ages, and intimacy and relationship at work.
The result of DCT was analyzed by the classification of refusals which is built up for this study based on classifications of previous studies including Beebe et al.(1990). The current findings are as follows. First, in the refusal strategy frequency, North Korean refugees use a little more refusal strategies than South Koreans. The result showed such since 54% North Korean refugee survey respondents had lived in South Korea for more than 4 years and also 80% of the North Korean refugee survey respondents were female respondents. Second, both groups prefer ‘Apology’ and ‘Explanation about unavoidable circumstance’ refusal strategies. But there are differences in expressions and strategies. The expressions of North Korean refugees are more conclusive and determined than the expressions of South Koreans. And North Korean refugees use ‘Explanation about personal reason’ and ‘Determined refusal’ in every situation, while South Koreans don’t use them at all. That is the reason North Korean Refugees fail in fluent communication with South Koreans.
With the result above, some implications can be drawn in South Korean speech acts of refusal. First, North Korean refugees should be considered as members of South Korean multi-cultural society. Second, it is necessary to give North Korean refugees an opportunity to practice South Korean speech acts including refusal. Also it is important to understand not only vocabularies but also sociopragmatic knowledge to communicate with South Koreans successfully.
It is important for us to understand North Korean refugees and North Korea. And this effort of studying North Korean language and culture should be continued to understand each other better in various field including South Korean Education as a Foreign language.
Key words: speech act, refusal, refusal strategies, north korean refugee
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