Today we have tended to use more foreign words in publication and everyday life, especially in the translated works from English to Korean. What is problematic is that using foreign words is not just a way to complement the lack of Korean vocabulary; ...
Today we have tended to use more foreign words in publication and everyday life, especially in the translated works from English to Korean. What is problematic is that using foreign words is not just a way to complement the lack of Korean vocabulary; the surplus usage of the English words which have Korean equivalents also has increased. I have examined the reason of the surplus usage of the English words in translation in the perspective of the Translation Studies, by analyzing the condition and form of the texts translated and the cultural background of Korean society.
Previously, it was suggested that there are two standards needed to differentiate assimilated foreign words from foreign languages: the condition of performance and the condition of assimilation. The condition of performance means that the words should be utilized in lots of various Korean texts. The condition of assimilation refers to the situation in which foreign languages lose its original meaning and assume some features of Korean languages. But this differentiation is not absolute standard and I have taken all foreign words and foreign languages of the texts into my examination.
Considering all the results of these studies, I have concluded the following points:
First, a loan of transliteration of the foreign words or languages is inevitable when it is necessary. The increasing use of surplus usage of English words having Korean equivalents can be accepted if the words are relevant to such conditions as acceptability of readers, currents of the times, and informative values. These words should be carefully used by respecting both the intention of the translator and the characteristics of the original text.
Second, the synchrony suggests the following results. (1) The transliteration is an easy way of translation, reflecting a trend of the time, while classical literature or professional books tend to show liberal translations. That also means too much use of transliteration may cause "decrease of the quality of the works." (2) Transliteration depends on the ability of translators, professionalism, and the inner factors of the texts.
Third, according to the diachronism in which one book has been translated many times, the newer the book is, the more transliteration appears.
Fourth, the factors which have affected transliteration in the synchrony are as follows; (1) When the phenomenon of transliteration of the foreign words or languages is examined in terms of ‘the inner and outer environment’, not of ‘words to words’, the inner environment is relevant to the inner actors such as ‘the quality of the works’, and the outer environment is relevant to the globalisation (current issues), the intention of translators, the translating rules of translators, and the extent of the linguistic culture. (2) As the outer environment of the texts is culture, so the translated texts are the product of culture. Our linguistic culture is faced with transformation in the context of globalisation, and this has caused great ‘acceptability of foreign words'. Therefore, the transliteration in the synchronic examination reflects on current issues, which increases the acceptability of vocabulary of readers.
Fifth, the loan of transliteration can be understood as a mirror which reflects on the reality and the extent of the imported culture.
The value of this study is that it provides for the analysis and exploration on the phenomenon of the transliteration of foreign words which appears in the area of the translation for the first time. In other words, it analyses the phenomenon of transliteration caused by ‘the surplus motivation' which is considered unnecessary, unlike ‘the required motivation' which is necessary to fill up the empty area between two cultures. This study has discovered that transliteration is relevant to the translation rules which are susceptible to the criterion of ‘the tolerability of culture', examining in the larger context that is the environment of texts.
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