A Cognitive Linguistic Study on Korean Honorific Expression: With a focus on the addressee-honorific system
The purpose of the present dissertation is to establish the educational contents of Korean language education in regards to ‘Korean hono...
A Cognitive Linguistic Study on Korean Honorific Expression: With a focus on the addressee-honorific system
The purpose of the present dissertation is to establish the educational contents of Korean language education in regards to ‘Korean honorific expression’. The study conducted the following methods to achieve this. First, the range of the study focuses on addressee-honorifics. Unlike subject or object honorifics, which are selectively accomplished by honorific prefinal endings or honorific words, addressee-honorifics are always accomplished by final endings. Also, addressee-honorifics are much more important expressions in that they function on several levels unlike subject and object honorifics which are distinguished by a dichotomy of ‘honorifics-nonhonorifics’.
An analysis on preceding studies was able to organize the problems of existing Korean honorific expression studies, which were conducted from a syntactic perspective. Existing studies including school grammar had the following problems.
(1) The studies subclassified honorific expression into subject, object, and addressee honorifics.
: ‘Subjects and Objects’ were not restricted by person as they belonged to the content of the utterance, but ‘addressees’ were restricted to the second person because they were involved in the situation of the utterance. Therefore, when the subject or the object was in the second person, they coincided with the addressee, but existing studies failed to sufficiently consider such situations.
(2) The studies again analyzed the addressee-honorific system with a focus on linguistic form
: The studies have analyzed the level of honorifics as static systems based on the level of formality and honorifics.
In this way, existing studies on Korean honorific expression have taken a formal approach, which involves a method of analysis mainly on linguistic expressions. Consequently, they were able to establish a detailed system of each honorific expression, but such a system was inadequate as educational content for a Korean language education aimed at foreigners. Therefore, the present study, based on the two cognitive linguistics theories of ‘Prototype Theory’ and ‘Gestalt Theory’, attempted a new interpretation of Korean honorific expression.
In chapter three, the study applied a categorization theory from an aspect of distinguishing levels. With a focus on the concept of degree in ‘Prototype Theory’, the study attempted to reject the existing static framework, and presented a new honorific expression system centering on utterance situations combining both addressee honorifics and subject honorifics.
In chapter four, the study applied the ‘Gestalt Theory’, which emphasizes the integration of whole and part, to the three aspects of Korean honorific expression. First, from the aspect of honored object, the honorific system newly presented in section 3.2 can be interpreted as an integration of addressee and subject, or, in other words, as the perception of the utterance situation and the utterance content as a combined whole. Second, from the aspect of utterance situation, the honoring or lowering of the addressee and the status of the speaker may be understood as being linked because the addressee may not be understood in exclusion of the speaker. Third, concerning speech-level alternation, the phenomenon of changing addressee honorific levels may be interpreted as the ever changing strategic desire of the speaker coming to the ‘foreground’.
The present study, which has interpreted Korean honorific expressions, through cognitive linguistics theories, is significant from the following two perspectives. First, the study attempted an applied linguistics approach involving cognitive linguistics beyond the bounds of syntax and pragmatics in order to improve on existing theories based on the linguistic form of Korean honorific expression. Second, in pursuance of supplementing existing studies which were merely concerned with educational principles or educational planning, the present study explored educational contents that could be applied immediately in the educational field.
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