Korean second and foreign language learners are mostly adults. When adult learners study L2 pronunciation it is influenced by the learners’ native language, This is referred to as L1 negative transfer. Therefore, it could be raised the students’ l...
Korean second and foreign language learners are mostly adults. When adult learners study L2 pronunciation it is influenced by the learners’ native language, This is referred to as L1 negative transfer. Therefore, it could be raised the students’ learning effect is about contrasting the similarities and differences between the students’ L1 and L2 language for effective pronunciation education. The number of Korean Foreign Language(KFL) learners who speak the Spanish language in Korea and overseas increases every year. However there is a lack of studies on the characteristics of Spanish language speakers in fields of Korean language education. There is no research yet dealing with the acoustic and phonetic analysis produced by Spanish language speakers in fields of Korean pronunciation education.
Therefore this study is aimed to examine the acoustical characteristics of Korean lax /ㅂ, ㄷ, ㄱ, ㅈ/, tense /ㅃ, ㄸ, ㄲ, ㅉ/ and aspirated /ㅍ, ㅌ, ㅋ, ㅊ/ produced by Spanish language learners based on perspective acoustic phonetics. This analyzes the accuracy of learners’ pronunciation of Korean stops and affricate consonants with the results of production evaluation experiments based on the perspective auditory phonetics.
There are representatives theories based on this field of study. The study can be viewed from the point of view of Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis, such as Clifford Prator(1967)’s Hierarchy of difficulty and Fred Eckman(1977, et al.)‘s Markedness differential hypothesis. Other theories from the point of view of L2 phone acquisition, include Best(2007)’s PAM-L2 and Flege(1985)’s SLM. Through the theories it is possible to derive the phonological and phonetical difficulties that Spanish-speaking KFL learners may encounter. It could be applied to make it possible to predict their difficulties in Korean language acquisition. It would verify hypothesis on acoustic phonetics and production evaluation analysis.
Acoustic phonetics experiments were conducted on the production of Korean lax, tense and aspirated consonants(stops and affricates). The experiments were conducted with nine Korean native speakers and nine Spanish language speakers with a basic level of Korean.
According to the acoustic phonetics analysis of Korean stops, students produced short lag Voice Onset Time(VOT). The short lag VOT is a feature of Korean tense stops. It may be considered that there is no aspirated consonant in their L1 language so they pronounced unaspirated voiceless stops(tense) instead of aspirated voiceless stops(aspirated). For Pitch value, the results are not statistically significant for female speakers in the word-initial and word-medial position. For male speakers, it is statistically significant between the three-categories of Korean stops in the word-initial position but it is not significant between lax and tense stops in the word-medial position. VOT is a way to differentiate Spanish stops(voiced vs. voiceless). For this reason Pitch is not relatively an important clue to differentiate consonants. Additionally, Closure Duration(CD) value is not entirely useful in differentiating Korean tense and aspirated stops for female and male speakers. In the production evaluation analysis, students’ pronunciation is clearer in the order of tense, lax then aspirated. They pronounced lax /ㅂ, ㄷ, ㄱ/ and tense /ㅃ, ㄸ, ㄲ/ stops more accurately than aspirated /ㅍ, ㅌ, ㅋ/. Korean lax and tense stops are acoustically similar sounds of Spanish voiced /b, d, g/ and voiceless stops /p, t, k/. While Korean aspirated stops do not correspond with any Spanish phonetic.
According to acoustic phonetics analysis of Korean affricates, students produced long lag VOT of tense and the value is shown similarly to lax’s VOT value. For this reason, VOT value is not useful to differentiate Korean tense and aspirated affricates. In addition, for Pitch value for male and female speakers the results are not statistically significant in the word-initial and word-medial position. For Spanish-speaking learners Pitch is not an important clue acoustically to differentiate three categories of Korean affricates. The Closure Duration(CD) value is not entirely useful to differentiate Korean tense and aspirated affricates and Korean stops for male and female speakers. In the production evaluation analysis, students can better pronounce in order of aspirated, tense then lax. They pronounced aspirated affricate /ㅊ/ more accurately than lax /ㅈ/ and tense /ㅉ/. The Korean aspirated affricate is an acoustically similar sound to Spanish affricate /ĉ(ʧ)/. Korean lax and tense affricates do not correspond with any Spanish sound. Thus students find it difficult to pronounce them.
This study is significant for providing basic materials of Korean language pronunciation education about Korean lax, tense, and aspirated consonants for Spanish language speakers. It is highly meaningful because a acoustic and phonetic study on the acquisition of Korean language for Spanish language speakers has never been done before. This acoustic and phonetic study contributes to understand the characteristics and assess acoustic phonetics features of Spanish language speakers’ Korean pronunciation. It serves as objective and scientific research in the teaching of Koran pronunciation for them.
，韩语论文，韩语毕业论文 |
