The objective of this study is twofold. First, it aims to investigate the extent to which a Korean speaker makes use of Extended Lexical Units (ELU), that is, what its distribution is, by taking a corpus-driven approach. Second, it examines the semant...
The objective of this study is twofold. First, it aims to investigate the extent to which a Korean speaker makes use of Extended Lexical Units (ELU), that is, what its distribution is, by taking a corpus-driven approach. Second, it examines the semantic functions of the identified Korean ELU in their context. Analysing the properties of ELU with respect to distribution and semantic functions does not only imply to consider the properties of ELU as they appear in the common Korean language use, but it also means to examine the various aspects of these ELU by defining as parameters a given community and the formal textual structures of novels, newss, and academic s.
ELU is the generic term for the semantic function units (that is, beyond individual words) which are assigned enunciative meanings in language use, such as word sequences, contextual meanings, and grammatical categories. In this study, are considered as core ELU the word sequences that both appear in at least five texts and occur at least ten times in a million words.
Chapter 2 examines the significance of corpus linguistics as theory which constitutes the theoretical and methodological background of this study. Furthermore, as ELU are integral parts of language use, they are recognized as crucial semantic units in corpus linguistics as well as essential elements that can relate to traditional linguistics.
Chapter 3 discusses the methodological issues encountered in this study. The corpora analysed here are the Sejong spoken corpus and the Sejong written corpus both with part-of-speech annotations, as well as the Kyungpook National University corpus of academic s. Unlike Indo-European languages in which orthographically spaced units generally correspond to words, the orthographically spaced units of the Korean language are called ecel which are semantic units combined with functional units such as case-markers or word-endings and present all the typological features of agglutinative languages. Thus, in order to detect the components of the Korean ELU it has been necessary to use part-of-speech annotated corpora. In addition, to obtain a richer and refined list, as regards case-markers and word-endings, variant forms (allomorphs, allophones, and contracted forms) have been merged with the basic forms.
Chapter 4 looks into the various aspects of the ELU distribution. The analysis of the ELU occurring in the Sejong spoken and written corpora sheds light on the distributive aspects of the ELU in the common language use of native Korean speakers. If we consider N-grams of size three to five, they are not only more varied in types but they also are more frequently used in spoken rather than written genres. The rate of three word n-gram use in both spoken and written languages reaches respectively 55% and 48% of the language use to the maximum and 36% and 33% after deducting the duplicates. Besides, in order to examine the distributive aspects of the ELU that appear in the language use of a given community, the distribution of n-grams in the three registers of novels, newss, and academic s has been investigated. Compared to common language use, these n-grams display a generally more varied typology as well as a higher usage frequency.
Chapter 5 analyzes the meanings which the ELU uncover in context according to the metafunctional system of language that consists of the conceptual function, the textual function, and the interpersonal function, as described by Halliday & Matthiessen (2014). In both spoken and written languages, the conceptual function appears to be more prominent in short n-grams, while the interpersonal function is more prevalent in longer n-grams.
As to examine the semantic features of ELU depending on the register, this study focuses on key n-grams by applying the statistical concept of keyness. In the case of novels, the units that ensure the textual cohesiveness correspond to negative key n-grams, whereas in newss time reference and quotation expressions reveal positive key n-grams. As for academic articles, expressions suggesting the intention or attitude of the writer correspond to positive key n-grams which show a high level of keyness.
Chapter 6 investigates a number of case examples selected among the Korean ELU identified by taking a corpus-driven approach so as to discuss the general contribution of this study to theoretical linguistics as well as applied linguistic.
By defining as parameters the speaker as main agent of language use, the register as the context to which the speaker belongs, and a text’s structural context, this study has established a list of the ELU which most frequently occur in the Korean language use and investigated their distribution as well as their semantic functions. The list established by this study is a list of semantic units which are acquired by the native Korean speaker through language use. For all speakers who acquired the Korean language or are still at a learning stage, the meaning of these ELU includes a great deal of semantic units that are hard to understand by combining the individual meanings of their constituents. Therefore, the results yielded here are believed to be a great help for both native speakers who acquired Korean and learners of Korean as a second language, and to put forward new perspectives in lexicography which until now has only focused on rarely used phrases.
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