Abstract
A study on the Utterance Verbs in Korean Languages
Li Xuelian
Dept. of Korean Language and Literature
The Graduate School
Korea University
the utterance verbs describes the speaker give utterance to hearer, and it is expres...
Abstract
A study on the Utterance Verbs in Korean Languages
Li Xuelian
Dept. of Korean Language and Literature
The Graduate School
Korea University
the utterance verbs describes the speaker give utterance to hearer, and it is expressed by a various utterance verbs construction with structures
This Paper is about the construction structure and the semantic pattern of the utterance verbs in Korean.
In ths , The Utterance verb represents the varous event that the agent take the initiative in speaking to someone in a sentence.
Based on definition and the basis of determination of Utterance verb, this study has extracted a total of 286 Utterance verb from the Kim Kwang Hae(2003)'s study.
next, on the basis of the relationship between the basic elements which compose the conversation scenes, classified Utterance verb into Non-directional, single-directional, Paired-directional, and ± Paired-directional Utterance verb based on the direction which the message is delivered to.
next, those was also classified into sub-category according to similarity of purpose of the speaker.
First, the single-directional Utterance verb was classified into the sub-category as 'General style', 'transmission style', 'confession style', 'description style', 'response style', 'insistence style', 'execution style', 'admonition style', 'assessment style', 'question style', 'tampering style', 'accusation style', and 'covenant style'.
Second, the Paired-directional Utterance verb was classified into the sub-category as 'conversation style', discussion style', 'contention style', and 'appointment style'.
some individual Utterance verb has the characteristics of both single-directional as well as Paired-directional.
Third, It has been known that this classification share the basic structure of semantic features, It has also shown that Utterance verb which having a similarity of their meaning has a similar argument structure. At the same time, this study also explore the similarities and differences which the different meanings Utterance verb phrases have.
Forth, This study examined if they have any relevance between the word forming method of Utterance verb and the formation of argument structure, and this study also examined whether the Arguments composed of the Argument-structure give what kind of limitations of semantic selection to the predicate.
Fifth, This study investigated the argument structure and syntactic features of Utterance verb.
This study set the primary speaking structure which utterance verbs has in the case of the speaking situation as the speaker's structure. this study also set the structure of peaker- contents of speech focused on what the subject speaks what kind of utterance.
In the case that utterance verbs choose noun phrase for the contents of speaking as sub-category has the Argument-structure of ‘[NP1 [NP3 [V-다]]]' , In other case that utterance verbs choose connotation claus for the contents of speaking as sub-category has the Argument-structure of ‘[NP1 [S [V-]]]’.
Some speaking situation, there are two or more subjects which can set 'speaker-speaker' structure, mainly utterance verbs correspond to 'conversation style', discussion style' have this structure.
These can be largely dividend by two types of argument structure as ‘[NP1 [V-]]’ & ‘[[NP1 NP2] [V-]]’ depending on where the words represents the several placed in the location of the subject with what kind of sentence type.
'Speaker-speaker' structure set the structure of speaker-the contents of speaker' focused on details of the subjects, and it can be classified into two in accordance with category that speaking has been selected by.
Just like the 'Speaker-speaker' structure, it can be classified into two in accordance with which format the subjects in the position of subject are expressed in the sentence structure.
Sixth, In the next speaking situation, because it was a scene of the communication that speaker utter against any target, a "speaker-listener" scheme was set focused on the speaker- listener to be listened'
In the "speaker-listener", if the listener component combined with ‘-에게’ on the structure of the sentence, it is expressed as the argument structure of ‘[NP1이 [NP2-에게 [V-]]]’,
Meanwhile, if the listener component combined with ‘-을/를’ on the structure of the sentence, it is expressed as the argument structure of ‘[NP1이 [NP2-을/를 [V-]]]’.
It can be set the 'speaker-listener-contents of speaking' structure focused on the contents of speaking in speaking situation.
It can be divided into 2 kind of argument structure depending on which category the contents of speaking was selected
Seventh, on the basis of the basic argument structure, classified categories which has the same semantic structure.
It is investigated that even if Individual utterance verbs have the same argument structure these could be divided into different types of semantic structure. and It is also found that the same utterance verb could be correspond to various types of semantic structure.
"Speaker" structure has the meaning structure of behavior Role, and "Speaker-speaker" structure has the meaning structure of [behavior Role]-[behavior Role], finally, "Speaker-contents of speaking" structure has the meaning structure of [behavior Role] [Contents role] and [behavior Role][Target Role] according to the category contents of speaking.
also, this study observed that "Speaker-speaker-contents of speaking" structure has the meaning structure of [behavior Role]-[behavior Role][Contents role], and [behavior Role]-[behavior Role][Target Role] according to the category contents of speaking.
this study also showed that "Speaker-listener" structure has the meaning structure of [behavior Role]-[Target Role], [behavior Role]-[Object Role], [behavior Role]-[Accompanied Leading Role] according to the semantic role which listener has for the predicate, relationship between listener and speaker.
Finally, "Speaker-listener-contents of speaking" structure has been classified into various semantic structure according to the semantic relation of listener and contents of speaking to predicates. it has observed that when contents of speaking appears as a noun phrase, has the meaning structure of [behavior Leading Role] [Accompanied Leading Role][Object Role]or [behavior Leading Role]][Arrival Role]][Object Role] according to whether the case of listener component combined with ‘-와/과 or ‘-에/에게’.
This study also examined that it has the semantic structure of [behavior Leading Role] [Accompanied Leading Role] [Means Role when the case of listener components combined with ‘-와/과 and the contents of speaker combined with the Noun phrase ‘-로/으로’.
If the contents of speaking was selected as clause in the speaker-listener-contents of speaking structure, the semantic structure decided by relation of listener components for predicates.
if the listener components is the referred object of predicates, it has the semantic structure of [behavior Leading Role] [Object Role] [Contents Role] assigned [Object Role] from predicates by combined with ‘-을/를’.
but if the listener component is only the oriented point for speaking of predicate, it has the semantic structure of [behavior Leading Role] [Arrival Role] [Contents Role] assigned [Arrival Role] from predicates
However, it was investigated that in the case that listener's behavior lead to the speaking of speaker, by the components which appeared as clause to be set allocated by [Cause Role] from predicates, it has the semantic structure of [behavior Leading Role] [Arrival Role] [Cause Role].
<Key words>
Utterance verbs, semantic pattern. morphology structure, Case frame structure, Utterance verbs construction structure, Thematic-Role structure
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