The purpose of this research is analysis on grammaticization process of Korean independent nouns through connecting endings and connective endings that we will look at contents of word meanings and changes in grammar contents which appears in grammati...
The purpose of this research is analysis on grammaticization process of Korean independent nouns through connecting endings and connective endings that we will look at contents of word meanings and changes in grammar contents which appears in grammaticization process of ‘independent nouns’ to ‘dependent nouns’ and also ‘dependent nouns’ to ‘connecting endings’ and ‘connective endings.’ Moreover, the research aims at looking into characteristics and directions of grammaticization, and comparing the degrees of grammaticization.
Application of grammaticization was applied in study on grammaticization of Korean nouns as a bit comprehensive concept of ‘lexeme changing into tagmeme, and changing from having less grammatical functions to having more grammatical functions.’
First, in grammaticization of independent nouns, we look at the grammaticization process of forms that were used as independent nouns turning into dependent nouns. The start of grammaticization of independent nouns to dependent nouns comes from extension of meanings. The meaning of independent nouns becomes abstract and therefore we checked that the nouns have morphological and syntactic restrictions.
We looked at aspects of changes on meanings and grammatical forms in grammaticization process of forms that were used as independent nouns targeting ‘gyum, gil, gim, nyuk, noreut, dongan, li, maryun, moyang, ba, baram, bub, seoseul, suk, sem, soo, yang, zeeum, jigyung, cha, cham, teo, tong, pok, pan, poom’ to dependent nouns.
Meaning of Practical concept on words which showed ‘specific object’ expanded due to writing of metaphor that the primary meaning of words weakened, and by becoming more abstract and general, grammaticization to dependent nouns took place. In here, constructional independence of independent nouns also weakens and slowly turns into dependent nouns which cannot be used alone independently in a sentence.
Aspects of meaning extension which happens when grammaticization of independent nouns to dependent nouns takes place, generally expands from ‘specific objects’ to ‘subjective objects’. However, if one look at it in detail, meaning of ‘concept of space’ expanded to meaning of ‘concept of time’, meaning of ‘specific object’ expanded to meaning of ‘abstract object’ and meaning of ‘specific object’ expanded to meaning of ‘abstract situation.’
Second, when dependent nouns function as connecting endings, dependent nouns which grammaticalized from independent nouns combine with preceding and following grammatical elements, and form syntactic configuration in connecting parts of a sentence, then grammaticization of dependent nouns to connecting endings takes place as they form integration in a morphological and syntactic level of their more intimate combination relation.
The grammaticization is not complete in contemporary Korean, but we see it as form appearing from grammaticization process to connecting nouns. This is because it shows a specific form of class by combining with a following postposition, and also because it functions as connecting endings without postposition.
In the formation process of connecting endings grammaticalized from dependent nouns, entry of reanalysis and inference is applied. In recognizing syntactic configuration combined with dependent nouns as having the same functions as postpositions, ‘reanalysis’ occurs, and by having the same function as connecting endings, the form fixedly hardens and through that direction, entry of ‘inference’ which is trying to be the same, applies.
We looked at ‘integration of dependent nouns’ which functions as connecting endings, divided into functions as function of ‘connecting endings of reason and cause’, ‘connecting endings of situation and explanation’, ‘connecting endings of object and purpose’, and ‘connecting endings of time’ which are classifications of meanings of general connecting endings.
Third, in dependent nouns functioning as connective endings, we looked at dependent nouns which grammaticalized from independent nouns form syntactic configuration at the end part of a sentence by combining with preceding grammatical element, and functions as connective endings. In this process, grmmaticalization was formed through entry of ‘reanalysis’ and ‘inference’ of grammaticization.
Characteristic of meanings appeared when dependent nouns function as connective endings is that meaning of dependent nouns turn to modality meaning of ‘subjective belief’ and ‘subjective manner’ from meaning of ‘objective situation.’ This modality meaning is a general characteristic of connective endings, and we are now done examining until changes of modality meaning.
Integration shown in grammaticization process of dependent nouns to endings is a morphological and syntactic configuration. When lexeme’s function changes to that of tagmeme, grammatical restrictions which didn’t show when it was used as lexeme appears. Here, as there are more morphological and syntactic restrictions, and as grammatical meaning of the composition grows apart from the meaning of primary words, we saw that as grammaticization progressing more and more.
The purpose of this study was to determine aspects of changes in grammaticization of Korean nouns, but it has limit of managing only part by limiting the research to functioning of endings. Furthermore, managing forms of integration of dependent nouns not functioning as connecting endings and connective endings, but rather functioning as postpositions is a remaining task.
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