In this study, we observed continuously the position, the characteristics and the operating range of the formal word in the sentence surrounding the noun phrase and verb phrase. The extension of the formal word in Korean includes the dependent noun as...
In this study, we observed continuously the position, the characteristics and the operating range of the formal word in the sentence surrounding the noun phrase and verb phrase. The extension of the formal word in Korean includes the dependent noun as well as some kinds of adverbs. We have only treated the dual axis of Korean formal word, particle and termination in this study. The particle and termination combine with the preceding structures in various levels during sentence formation, form functional units such as a phrase or a proposal making relation between phrasal constituents. Once formed into a phrasal constituent with the formal word, the corresponding structure in French varies with levels of the previous structure. Hence, it is nearly impossible to find a corresponding structure one by one in both languages. In comparing the two different language systems, it is necessary to take into consideration the differential approaches along with the corresponding sentence levels.
In chapter 2, we analyzed the structure of Korean noun phrase in terms of analytical levels and refined on the agglutinative character of Korean formal word. Noun as a part of speech needs addition of a formal word to be a functional unit in the sentence either Korean or French. The type of the simplest noun phrase is the structure [noun / particle] in Korean, [article / noun] in French and the disposition of the formal word in noun phrases is being reversed in both two languages. The position of the formal word in French noun phrase thus lies before the nominal word and the formal word regulates the nominal extension and implicative sense. Meanwhile, in case of Korean formal word, the particle agglutinates after the nominal word and makes it to adjust the semantic relation between the defined nominal word and the verb. We classified the Korean particles into 4 types considering the degree of grammaticalization. The most grammaticalized particles such as i, eul, eui which are the so called sentence particles have the tendency to present the most abstracted sense. However, the least grammaticalized particles such as wa, bu teo, jo cha which are so called auxiliary particles have its clear sense but manifest the limited syntactic role. We tried to match Korean particle types with corresponding formal words in French. The sentence particle corresponds to the action domain of French articles, and adverbial particle such as e, e ge, e seo corresponds to the action domain of preposition in French. Auxiliary particle subgroup I (eun, do, man, ya) and auxiliary particle subgroup II (wa, bu teo, jo cha) correspond to the action domain of French adverbs.
In chapter 3, we observed the correlation between the position of noun phrases in i and eun and argument structure. The term of the word ‘support’ indicates the grammatical notion of the subject as the starting point of the sentence, and the concept of the theme in the communicative structure of the sentence as topic-comment. In most cases, the subject agrees to the topic. But if the speaker wants to emphasize something, almost all phrasal constituents including the subject can become the topic. We recognized that particle’s meaning of the noun phrase in i or eun can be affected with the distance from a verb and to what the noun phrase occupies initial position of the sentence. So in teaching Korean as a foreign language, the explanation on the particle should not remain to propose its own meaning, rather one should consider not only the relationship between the noun and the verb, but also the correlation between clausal constituents and the position of the noun phrase in the sentence.
In chapter 4, we discussed the semantic roles of the eul noun phrase in actual transitive sentences with various kinds of points. The Korean School Grammar treats eul noun phrase primarily as a case marker indicating object. That is to say, if the particle ‘eul’ is agglutinated on a noun, the eul noun phrase can be recognized as object constituent. Generative grammar also recognizes particle eul as a case marker under principle of case distribution. But all eul noun phrases do not hold the role of the object which could mean that the particle eul is considered as a sign with the meaning of "non-contrastive opposition". In prototypical semantics view, the role of eul noun phrase is regarded as grammatical marker having the prototypical role. On the other hand, in psychomechanical view, the eul noun phrase is understood as the target of the verbal action in the transitive construction. With this, to interpret the meaning of the eul noun phrase, the semantic feature of a verb and the semantic relationship of the verb-object are to be considered. The eul noun phrase corresponds functionally to direct object and internal object of French sentence which also corresponds structurally to the French formal words that contain the definite article, the indefinite article, article zero noun phrase, the personal pronoun, the proper noun, the possessive adjective, the demonstrative adjective and the superlative.
In chapter 5, we observed the operative scope and syntactic characteristics of verbal suffixes (termination) in the verb phrase. The formal words in Korean verb phrase (verbal suffixes) are agglutinated in order postpositionally to the verb radical, and operate upon the overall sentence, not on a verb limit. There is a similarity structurally between the French verbal conjugation and Korean termination. Both languages are being realized with agglutinating post-radical-suffixes however, both show great differences in the grammatical category in which the verbal formal word operates. The French formal word of the verb (verb conjugation) involves grammatical categories concerning the person, number, the mood and the tense. While the Korean verbal formal words (verbal suffixes) primarily determines the voice (passive/causative), subject honorification and perfection tense, secondarily, it determines variable modality (conjecture, retrospective, mood), speech level of the listener, tertiary determine termination and the translation or conjunction of related sentence.
We have studied the interrogative sentence formed by more than displacement of constituents in French sentence types. From there, we found that the interrogative termination as -neun ga corresponds to the indicative mood, and -eul gga is to the conditional mood in French. So in teaching Korean as a foreign language to French speakers, the formal word must be explained from the point of view of the position and its operating range at the phrase not at the word level. In addition, it is necessary to develop textbooks based on the syntactic position and the operating range of the formal word. And the content should include the character of the discourse agglutination with a careful consideration on the contrastive views of the language source.
In conclusion, we recognized the necessity of the Korean language textbooks for foreigners to include the contents introducing the type and characteristics of the Korean formal words along with its description on the operative scopes and dispositional characters. Additionally, considering the balance treatments of the structural differences and corresponding constructions in Korean, Korean textbooks for foreigners should be made in accordance with learner’s native language. With this, it shows significance to improve the educational achievement of foreign Korean learners. Lastly, the basic unit of Korean sentence constituent is structurally a speech segment(eo jeol) rather than a part of speech (words) and the basic functional unit mostly is a phrase-level structure combining the form of lexical word and formal word. Like this, comparative study on Korean language might be of useful help in learning the Korean language as a foreign language.
，韩语论文范文，韩语论文题目 |
