The Effect of Bilingualism on Executive Function:
With Children of Multicultural Family
Kim, So-Hee
Department of Child and Family Studies
Graduate School, Kyungpook National University
Daegu, Korea
(Supervised by Professor Lim, Ji-Young)
...
The Effect of Bilingualism on Executive Function:
With Children of Multicultural Family
Kim, So-Hee
Department of Child and Family Studies
Graduate School, Kyungpook National University
Daegu, Korea
(Supervised by Professor Lim, Ji-Young)
(Abstract)
The purpose of this study was 1) to explore the effect of age on executive function(EF) and 2) to explore the effect of bilingualism on executive function(EF).
The sample of the present study was 120 preschoolers and their mothers. In this study, the level of bilingualism included of multicultural family children was assessed by their mothers, using questionnaires on bilingual proficiency. All of children took an intelligence quotient(IQ) test, and executive function(EF) was assessed by Six Boxes Scrambled(Diamond & Taylor, 1996) for measuring working memory ability, Bear & Dragon Task(Kochanska, 1993; modified Bear and Dragon Task, Gu, 2004) for measuring inhibiting ability, and Dimensional Change Card Sort Task(Frye, Zelazo, & Palfai, 1995; Zelazo, Frye, & Rapus, 1996; Zelazo, Muller, Frye, & Marcovitch, 2003) for measuring shifting ability.
The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlations analysis, one-way analysis of covariance.
The major findings of this study were as follows;
First, there were significant differences in executive function(EF), including working memory, inhibiting and shifting ability by ages. More specifically 73-84 month-old children ed higher level of working memory, inhibiting and shifting ability than 49-60, 61-72 month-old children.
Second, there was effect of bilingualism on executive function(EF), specifically, top level group of bilingualism was most outstanding among the three groups(top/middle/bottom), and bilingualism only affected on shifting ability.
In conclusion, age and bilingual proficiency affected on executive function(EF).
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