This study analyzes the corpus of Korean learners and tries to represent the forms in the contexts and the causes of substitution error of adnominal ending forms. Based on the result, this study describes the grammatical characteristics of adnominal e...
This study analyzes the corpus of Korean learners and tries to represent the forms in the contexts and the causes of substitution error of adnominal ending forms. Based on the result, this study describes the grammatical characteristics of adnominal ending forms ‘-는’, ‘A-(으)ㄴ’, ‘V-(으)ㄴ’, ‘-(으)ㄹ’, and ‘-던’ and usage restrictions in accordance with the structural patterns of adnominalization, and offers effective teaching methods of them. The purpose of this study is to help Korean learners conjugate adnominal ending forms without making errors.
In this study, adnominal ending forms are considered as a grammatical item with tense, aspect, and modality, and ‘-는’, ‘A-(으)ㄴ’, ‘V-(으)ㄴ’, ‘-(으)ㄹ’, and ‘-던’ are set as base forms. The substitution errors of adnominal ending forms are divided into misformations and structural patterns of adnominalization to analyze them.
As a result of analyzing substitution errors of adnominal ending forms according to the formation, substitution with ‘A-(으)ㄴ’ appeared most frequently with the least errors while substitution with ‘-던’ and ‘-았/었던’ appeared least frequently with the most errors. This means that ‘A-(으)ㄴ’ is the most familiar adnominal ending forms and ‘-던’ and ‘-았/었던’ are the most difficult adnominal ending forms to Korean learners. ‘V-(으)ㄴ’ is most frequently substituted among adnominal ending forms, that is, it has the most grammatical characteristics to make Korean learners confused with other adnominal ending forms.
Substitution errors of adnominal ending forms according to the formation appeared mostly due to the confusion in the meaning among adnominal ending forms and misunderstanding in the relative tenses. Therefore, this study describes the meaning and usage of ‘-는’, ‘A-(으)ㄴ’, ‘V-(으)ㄴ’, ‘-(으)ㄹ’, and ‘-던’ to help Korean learners understand their meaning exactly and use them correctly.
As a result of analyzing substitution errors of adnominal ending forms according to the structural patterns of adnominalization, it is found that Korean learners are most familiar with using adnominal ending forms in the relative adnominalization and have difficulty using them in the appositive adnominalization. This is due to the lack of understanding in the grammatical characteristics of certain nouns with restrictive usage in appositive adnominalization and misunderstanding the form of ‘-다는’ forming long appositive adnominalization. Thus, the learners need to recognize the relations between the grammatical function of certain nouns and adnominal ending forms in appositive adnominalizations. ‘adnominal ending forms/certain nouns' needs to be represented as a chunk.
Dependent nouns are combined with abnominal endings to make a chunk, and are used as a phrase. The causes of errors in phrases are lack of understanding in the grammatical characteristics of dependent nouns. Abnominal endings and dependent nouns needs to be presented as a chunk performing one grammatical function without separating them.
This study analyzes the corpus of Korean learners to represent the forms in the contexts and the causes of substitution error of adnominal endings and an effective teaching method as well. There should be teaching methods to the errors of the adnominal endings such as omission, paraphrase, addition and misformation to help Korean learners utilize them in their communication.
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