In Korea, due to increasing intercultural exchanges and growing interests in English education, language development or pathology of bilingual/multilingual children is now gaining public attention. Korean is an agglutinative language, a language with... In Korea, due to increasing intercultural exchanges and growing interests in English education, language development or pathology of bilingual/multilingual children is now gaining public attention. Korean is an agglutinative language, a language with a flexible word order, and it has highly developed grammatical morphemes which play a crucial role in deciding sentence cases and semantic meanings. Yet there are hardly any studies conducted on ‘Korean-English’ bilingual children’s linguistic progress, neither on their linguistic pathology. So we need to research simultaneous bilingual children`s morphological(‘verbal endings’) patterns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Korean verbal endings(occurrence, error, error features(cause & pattern)) between the ten 5-6year 'Korean-English' simultaneous bilinguals children and ten Korean monolingual children. Study participants were two groups of children in ten 'Korean-English' bilinguals and ten Korean monolinguals respectively. Differences between the two groups in intelligences(K-ABC), chronological ages, MLU-c(Mean Length of Utterance-clutter), lexicon ability(PPVT-R tests as Korean version, PPVT-ⅢA) and language environmental background(income, parents education) are statistically insignificant. The method of this study was that a participant initiated a free play for 30 to 60 minutes with researcher using toys, while the whole session was recorded and filmed. Approximately 100 spontaneous language samples were collected per participant. The collected language samples(total of 2,000) are then transcripted and analyzed by the researcher. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman Rank correlation using SPSS 15.0 and qualitative analysis. Overall, results showed that there were significant difference between two groups in the occurrence, error, error features of verbal endings. 1)Bilingual children showed not significantly a lower frequency based on the number of occurrence of verbal endings per utterance. But two groups showed a significant difference in tense verbal endings, conjunctive verbal endings, subordinate conjunctive verbal endings, adverbial conjunctive verbal endings and admonial verbal endings(p<.05). Except tense verbal endings, these verbal endings were all significantly higher scores in monolingual children than bilingual ones. And Bilingual children demonstrated less use of conjunctive verbal endings in variety(p<.05). 2)The percentage of errors was higher for bilingual children. There were significant differences between the two groups in conjunctive verbal endings(p<.05). In quotative verbal ending, both groups showed a significant difference(p<.05). Because there were no finding of any errors in monolingual children. 3)In terms of error feature 1(causation), phonological(pronunciation), semantic(meaning) and syntactic(grammar) errors were occurred a significantly difference for both groups(p<.05). Bilingual children significantly higher score in phonological, semantic causes and monolingual children in syntactic ones. In terms of error feature 2(pattern), omission, substitution, addition were all occurred for both groups. But only addition errors of verbal endings occurred significant difference for both groups(p<.05). Bilingual children were higher score in addition error feature. And also, the relationships between error feature 1 and 2 demonstrated significantly a higher scores to bilingual children in addition with phonological problem and to monolingual ones in substitution with syntactic problem(p<.05). These results show that bilingual children overall performance was more difficult than monolingual children in Korean verbal endings. But this results doesn't mean that bilingual children have a severe problems for developing verbal endings. Because bilingual children showed a score of less than 10%(8.11%)(Brown, 1973) in the sum of percentage error occurrence of the sum of verbal endings occurrence. This criterion(10%) from Brown(1973) which is very frequently used in grammatical morpheme research. Therefore bilingual children`s verbal endings proficiency is significantly lower(in occurrence), higher(in error & error feature) in some aspects compared with monolingual children but their verbal endings` ability is not problematic ability. And bilingual children showed unique characters of verbal endings as follows. Bilingual children showed not only error features that were characteristics of younger monolingual children but also error features that were never seen in monolingual children. This research made a significant contribution in that it found to differences between bilingual and monolingual children of Korean verbal endings "usage and error causation/pattern," and would give an information to speech-language pathologist as a basic language data for simultaneous bilingual children`s Korean morphosyntactic evaluation. ，免费韩语论文，韩语论文 |
