The purpose of this study is to let the foreign learners who are learning Korean use Korean directives in a pragmatically right way. This study has focused on 'request acts' and 'offer acts' among Korean directives.
Chapter 1 shows the necessity and ...
The purpose of this study is to let the foreign learners who are learning Korean use Korean directives in a pragmatically right way. This study has focused on 'request acts' and 'offer acts' among Korean directives.
Chapter 1 shows the necessity and importance of pragmatic competence, and summarizes the previous studies.
Chapter 2 examines the conception of 'directives', which includes 'request acts' and 'offer acts'. 'Request acts' and 'offer acts', which are 'non official', 'no force', can be regarded as an attempt to derive a hearer's act without a speaker's act accompanied. At this time, politeness is needed since the speaker threats the hearer's negative face.
Chapter 3 presents the strategies of Korean directives and their grammatical expression patterns. Korean directives are divided into direct speech acts and indirect speech acts. And indirect speech acts are divided into conventional and non-convention. As for the conventional indirect speech acts, this study presents 7 kinds of strategies, i.e. locution derivable, want statement, will statement, permission seeking, possibility asking, conditional formula, suggestory formula.
Chapter 4 examines the relation between Korean directive and politeness according to moods, strategies and interests. And hedge expressions which are used in Korean directives are also examined.
In Korean directives, different degrees of politeness are needed according to the beneficiary. In case of 'request acts', a high degree of politeness is needed when a speaker is the beneficiary of the act. On the other hand, in case of 'offer acts', a low degree of politeness is needed when a hearer is the beneficiary of the act.
In polite directives, indirectness is prominent. Indirect speech acts basically depend on the mood. The order of politeness according to mood is 'imperatives < propositives < interrogatives < declaratives'.
Likewise, the degrees of politeness are also different according to the strategies. The order of politeness is 'suggestory formula < locution derivable < (speaker-centered) will statement < conditional formula < want statement < (hearer-centered) will statement < (hearer- centered) permission seeking < (hearer-centered) possibility asking & (speaker-centered) possibility asking < (speaker-centered) permission seeking'.
The representative hedge marker is 'Chom(좀)' in Korean directives, which lightens the pressure on a hearer.
Chapter 5 shows the results of the discourse completion test(DCT) concerning how Korean native speakers use 'request acts' and 'offer acts'. According to the results of this test, in case of 'request acts', politeness appears to be caused by the higher position of a hearer, unfamiliarity and the heaviness of a request. Whereas, in case of 'offer acts', since the beneficiary of the act is a hearer, the required degree of politeness is not so high. This is supported by the high frequency of the mood derivable strategy.
In chapter 6, this study suggests a project activity using the Dicourse Completion Test which was used as a research method here so as to apply this study to the Korean language teaching. Through such group tasks, not only the understanding of Korean language and culture but also the communication competence will be able to be built up.
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