The purpose of this study was to help improve the abbreviated Korean expressions of learners studying Korean as a foreign language by categorizing abbreviated expressions and providing abbreviated expression lists to be taught.
In the Korean language, a word or the stem of a word that has a meaning is combined by grammatical components in order to indicate its grammatical roles in a sentence or its relationship to that. Due to the characteristic, a great deal of abbreviated expressions are used in daily conversations to the extent that even native Korean speakers are unaware of the relationship of the original and abbreviated expressions. That is not a temporary phenomenon that stems from the advance in the Internet, the creation of new words or the spread of popular secret language. Instead, that phenomenon takes place because of the unique feature of the language to which the principle of economicality is applied. Not only compound words but postpositional words and the ending of words are abbreviated in large part, and that is the case for regular vocabulary as well. Foreign learners who study Korean are bound to face difficulties when they communicate with native Korean speakers out of the classroom or use Korean media even though they have received sequential education about grammar and vocabulary. If they don't learn about abbreviated expressions, they are likely to view the original and abbreviated expressions as separate ones, and it takes a fairly long time for them to grasp the meaning of abbreviated expressions without learning about them. As abbreviated expressions are naturally generated in colloquial conversations rather than in official situations, the expressions seems to be very elusive for learners who receive formal education about Korean. Nonetheless, education about abbreviated expressions has evidently been overlooked in Korean class that aims at boosting communicative competence, and it's needed to pay more attention to that.
The textbooks of domestic education institutions about elementary and intermediate Korean were analyzed to find out how they dealt with abbreviated expressions, and a needs survey was conducted to discuss the necessity of abbreviated expression education and what improve- ments should be made in the future in that regard.
As abbreviated expression education should cater to foreign learners, not native learners, it seems more necessary to teach how to shorten syllables rather than compound words. Accordingly, the focus of this study was placed on abbreviation phenomena triggered by shortened syllables or a reduced number of syllables.
The effort by this study to look into abbreviated expression education is not an attempt to provide Korean education in a new way. Instead, how native speakers abbreviated their acquired vocabulary and how abbreviated expressions could be classified by meaning were primarily investigated, and lists of abbreviated expressions to be educated were selected.
Abbreviated expressions could largely be classified into three categories. One is abbreviated expressions that have the same meaning as the original ones, and another is abbreviated expressions that are different in meaning from the original expressions. The third is abbreviated expressions that are not interchangeable with the original expressions. In fact, abbreviated expressions should be interchangeable with the original ones. However, some expressions aren't interchange- able, and others don't have the same meaning as the original expressions.
Three different kinds of abbreviated expression lists were prepared. The high-frequency abbreviated expressions were extracted from the textbooks analyzed, and the high-frequency abbreviated expressions were selected from the lists of abbreviated expressions which were made according to the results of the secondary investigation into the frequency of modern Korean words. Besides, the abbreviated expressions that weren't high in frequency but seemed to be necessary for foreign learners were selected from the textbooks analyzed. The abbreviated expression lists were expected to contribute to producing better textbooks intended for foreign learners or to providing successful Korean education by utilizing separate auxiliary textbooks.
Abbreviated expressions should be mandatory part of colloquial vocabulary education that currently deals with single words, derivatives and idioms. This study was meaningful in that unlike earlier studies, abbreviated expressions were categorized and the abbreviated expression lists to be taught were presented.
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