Since Korean and Japanese are linguistically similar, it is easy to acquire at the grammar-centered learning phase. However, actual use of Japanese requires pragmatic or sociolinguistic knowledge in a sense of cross-cultural communication. In this vei...
Since Korean and Japanese are linguistically similar, it is easy to acquire at the grammar-centered learning phase. However, actual use of Japanese requires pragmatic or sociolinguistic knowledge in a sense of cross-cultural communication. In this vein, the purpose of this study was to compare Japanese with Korean in a sociolinguistic aspect of praise among many linguisti cactivities, focusing on the gender and social standing.
In the third chapter, a conscious survey of praise was carried out. In the events of praising or being praised, Korean is more positively accepted than Japanese.
In the fourth chapter,the objects of praise were examined through written records. Study findings show that Japanese praise abilities (42.4%), whereas Koreans outward appearances (33.2%). As for the relationship between the social standing of speakers and the objects of praise in Korea, outward appearances are praised between friends (42.1%), but in case of a senior, he or she praises his or her junior's personalities (47.3%),rather than praising outward appearances. This shows that the objects of praise can change by the person who are praised. As for junior person's praising his or her senior, its frequency is 2.3% in Japanese, but 10.5% in Korean, thus showing that Koreans praise their senior more frequently than Japanese do.
In the fifth chapter,the investigator comparatively examined the expressions and sentence structures of praise between Korean and Japanese based on a written expression of interviews. Study findings show that Japanese praise is more standardized than that of Korean. As for the sentence structures of praise, Japanese frequently use single adjective expressions, such as「すごい(Great!)」,whereas Koreans use many complex appraisal expressions.
In the sixth chapter,a questionnaire survey of 616 college students in Korean and Japan was carried out to analyze their praise in a sociolinguistic way. Five questions on possessions, outward appearances, abilities, personalities, and the persons concerned were divided into two situations respectively. Respondents could freely write praises and replies forthe ten situations. In addition, they were provided with a multiple-choice answer sheet for nonverbal behaviors. For all the situations, the relationship of social standing and gender was established and responses were analyzed in a sociolinguistic way. Study findings are as follows:
Both Koreans and Japanese frequently use praise for someone's possessions in a outstanding way. In case of silent praise, Japanese are abundant with [perceiving] and [asking information], whereas Koreans [exclamation] and [jests]. When receiving praise for possessions, both Koreans and Japanese accept it pleasantly. In detail, Japanese express thanks for the praise in general, but Koreans often times accept the praise positively in agreement.
Praise for outward appearances is more often in Korean than in Japanese. And it has the formation of silent praise. Japanese is many with [perceiving], while Korean with [asking information], using a positive politeness strategy to form a strong feeling of solidarity with those who are praised. When receiving praise for outward appearances, Japanese express thanks for it, but Koreans often accept it in agreement with the touch of a joke.
Praise for abilities is frequentin both languages. However, Japanese is overwhelmingly abundant with outstanding praise, in the form of envious exclamation, such as「すごい(Great!)」, rather than a mere appraisal. However, Korean is frequent with appraisal expressions of silent praise and nonverbal behaviors. Koreans accept praise for abilities more pleasantly than Japanese do. In Japan, a woman does not accept it agreeably, different from her counterparts. Koreans accept it in [agreement], thus emphasizing the praise all the more.
As for the praise for personalities, politeness is not praised in both languages, because it is regarded as a basic manner of mankind. Japanese do not accept such praise as a receivable one, because politeness is a basic manner. However, Koreans accept it pleasantly and even in [agreement] frequently. As for the hard working, a Japanese woman praises often times, but a Japanese man does not. In Korea, both male and female frequently give and take praise between friends and use a lotofexpressions. Praise for personalities are well accepted in both countries in general, and the most frequent response is [agreement].
Praise for the persons concerned is greatly different by whether the person is one's lover or parent. Both languages are abundant with the praise for a lover, but Japanese female uses the praise more frequently than Japanese male does, whereas Korean male uses the praise more frequently than Korean female does. He or she accepts the praise well in both countries, for the person concerned is not the person himself or herself. Japanese male frequently accepts itin [agreement], but Japanese female with [thanks]. In Korean, there are a lot of [agreement] and nonverbal behaviors, regardless of gender. Praise for a parent is not many. Responses are greatly different between both languages. Japanese does not accept it, whereas Koreans for the most part accept it in [agreement]. Japanese use relative polite expressions and speak about their parent in a modest way. However, Koreans use absolute polite expressions and speak about their parent with reverent words, emphasizing the fact that a parent should be respected.
As above study findings show, Japanese and Korean are similar outwardly, but there are a lot of differences between them. And these differences seem to cause misunderstandings at the times of cross-cultural communication.
，韩语论文，韩语论文 |
