The Nestorianism rejected the use of the title of 'Theotokos' in the 431 Ephesos Council, and was defeated by heresy, and supporters of Nestorian who had been exiled to Egypt settled in Edessa, which was the Christian base of eastern Syria, and fou... The Nestorianism rejected the use of the title of 'Theotokos' in the 431 Ephesos Council, and was defeated by heresy, and supporters of Nestorian who had been exiled to Egypt settled in Edessa, which was the Christian base of eastern Syria, and founded a seminary there. But they were constantly attacked by universal churches and monotheists, and in 489 by the Byzantine emperor Zenon's decree, an order was ordered to shut down Edessa's Nestorian theological school and expel all believers out of the imperial borders They migrated to the Sassanian Persia, which was in a hostile relationship with the Byzantine Empire. They migrated to the Sassanian Persia and settled in Nisibis. In 498 church meetings, they established an independent church that followed the teachings of the Nestorian and expanded their influence. The Sassanian Persia and Islamic empires repeatedly protected and persecuted those who were hostile to the Byzantine Empire in accordance with changes in political dynamics and interreligious relations. This situation led the Nestorian church to naturally survive and expand its influence through a unique system of schools and monasteries combined with external missions. The Nestorianism, which made its way into Central Asia, also played a role as a cultural communicator in the nomadic world including missions as well as letter spreading. Nestorianism, which advanced to the east with the establishment of a community of churches throughout Central Asia, eventually arrived in China, and in 635, a group of missionaries, Allopen, met with Tang Taejong, started a ministry permission as the chinese name 景敎. Nestorianism received the favorable treatment of the Imperial Family and, except for a short period of persecution, began activities as the first Christian to come to China and built the Nestorianism Monument in 781. However, in the wake of the outbreak of foreign religions in China in 845, Nestorianism has been hiding in China with a severe blow that can not be recovered. The reason for the persecution of the Buddhist religion is that it is influenced by the aftermath of the persecution of Buddhism, which lost its original meaning of religion along with the nationalistic trend of the later of the Tang dynasty. After suffering persecution, Nestorianism moved out of the Chinese border and went into the nomadic world that had been active before, and continued its influence. From the Turkic tribes, the Uighurs, the Kitan, the Jurchen, and the Mongols from the 12th century, they continued its influence in the nomadic world of North Asia and Central Asia. The conquest of the Mongol empire in the 13th century, the Eurasian continent was politically unified and active east-west traffic was taking place, and Nestorianism became active again in East Asia and West Asia. At that time, Nestorian visited the Western church after the division in west Asia, established a church community in various places in China and actively participated in the empire. In the 14th century, however, Nestorianism was critically affected by the decline of the Il Khanate, the emergence of Timur and the plague of the Black Death in West Asia, In East Asia, the loss of identity due to sinicizing peasant rebellion in the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and the emergence of the Ming empire, resulted in Chinese nationalism, and became a critical hit and hidden in China. The reason for the extermination of the Nestorianism was generally due to the excessive imperial dependency, the ignorance of the influence of Confucianism in China, the distortion of identity due to the excessive use of the concepts and terminology of mainstream religions in China, Limited support from the main center church, failure to train local clergy, and lack of systematic documentary missions. Nevertheless, the significance of Nestorianism in church history is very high. First, it introduced Christianity for the first time in East Asia, opened the first chapter of the East – West civilization exchange through religion, and that it has awakened the need for a proper assessment of the role and position of the Eastern Christianity, which was confined to the Western church center view of history and not properly assessed. What we should not forget from examine at the history of Nestorianism is that history is not merely an examination of past facts but that it mirrors today's work in order to create a better future and the idea of how we can effectively communicate and convey our faith to other cultures, religions, and customs both in and through where we live as a Christian. and not to forget the need for dialogue.
네스토리우스교는 431년 에페소 공의회에서 ‘하느님의 어머니’의 호칭 사용을 거부하여 이단으로 단죄를 받고 이집트로 유배되어 사망한 네스토리우스의 지지자들이 시리아 동부의 그리... |
