The rapid industrialization and urbanization have dismantled the community of modern society which is a basic unit of life. As an alternative to this, Since the mid-2000s, community-building projects have been progressed briskly on community level rat...
The rapid industrialization and urbanization have dismantled the community of modern society which is a basic unit of life. As an alternative to this, Since the mid-2000s, community-building projects have been progressed briskly on community level rather than the central, metropolitan, and provincial governments. The polices to rebuild and activate disorganized communities has been implemented through the community-building project. Both local and central government have actively prosecuted those policies.
As the community-building projects have been promoted actively by several policies, studies on the community have been briskly carried out. Studies analyzing the relationship between the community activation and various influencial factors also have been fulfilled mainly. However, previous studies have been conducted only for subjects focused on specific area or division. However, these studies do not have considered overall factors that may affect the community activation so that those have limitations in suggesting critical policy implications fitted to the characteristics of community that various projects have been promoted.
In addition, communities and previous studies have emphasized on effective roles of intermediary organizations in community activation by asserting that intermediary organizations can improve performance of the community activities. But some studies for intermediary organizations have suggested that
intermediary organizations are not fitted to reality and effectiveness. In the situation of emerging various arguments about effectiveness of intermediary organizations, we need to systematically analyze whether or not intermediary organizations show its effectiveness in community activity. Therefore, this study systematically focuses on investigating effectiveness of intermediary organizations in relationship between community activation factors and outcome.
In order to implement the study, factors of community activation and outcomes are abstracted from systematical literature review in previous studies. The study model is designed as Institutional Analysis and Development(IAD) framework in order to analyze the relationship between community activation factors and outcomes. The community-building project is implemented with interaction between various factors and then the feedback process in which generated actions and policies resulting from the interaction affect the individual-level occurs.
IAD framework is fitted to analyze the relationship between community activation factors and outcomes since it is able to systematically analyze how outcomes generated by interaction among various factors affect the individual-level.
Also, this study focus on moderating effects classifying the type of intermediary organizations based on activity area and ownership in order to investigate influence of intermediary organizations as a moderating variable.
The analytic ways implemented through multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The analytical target was set up as community-building projects of fourteen central government divisions so that the survey was conducted and the questionnaire was collected from 703 community projects.
According to analyzing the relationship between community activation factors and outcomes, The social outcomes were strongly influenced by critical variables, which are local characteristics and resource utilization variable, representative leadership, resident participation, resident capability, participation and support of the public servant, effectiveness of educational program. In the aspect of economical outcomes, it was affected by significant variables, which are the self finance resource procurement capacity, resident participation, resident capability, participation and support of the public servant, simplicity of administrative procedure, effectiveness of educational program.
The moderating effects analysis of intermediary organizations classified its type and comparatively analyzed moderating effect based on classified types. In the result of that, moderating effect according to the operator(the government-driven and the private-driven) was found on economical outcomes. The government-driven-intermediary organizations had negative moderating effect in the relation between participation and support of public servant and economical outcomes. Also, the private-driven-intermediary organizations had negative moderating effect in the relationship between participation and support of public servant and economical outcomes but had positive moderating effect in the relation between simplicity of administrative procedures and economical outcomes. Moderating effect according to activity area(local government-type – provincial government-type) was found in both social outcomes and economical outcomes. Provincial government-type intermediary organizations had positive moderating effects in the relationship between the effectiveness of educational program and social outcomes but negative moderating effects in the relationship between participation and support of public servant and economical outcomes.
Examining academical implication of the study as distinct from previous studies, this study has a critical implication in that it made an effort to exactly reflect characteristics of community-building projects. It also considered various projects and factors comprehensively rather than focusing on specific project and factor. In spite of being a critical factor in the community activation, effectiveness of intermediary organizations has been only asserted by case studies. Another academic significance of this study is that it conducted empirical analysis of effectiveness of intermediary organizations.
The critical implication of this study can be suggested in several ways. First, in order to activate communities, we need to consider that the factors influencing community activation are varied depending on types of community-building project outcomes In other words, strategic and discriminative management as well as efforts to improve performance are required in order to activate community by systematically considering discriminative influencial factors depending on types of community outcomes. Second, we also need to focus on improving effectiveness of intermediary organizations as a policy effort. On the result of analysis, the mismatch of view between intermediary organizations and government resulted in negatively affected outcomes. In particular, organizational culture and characteristics of intermediary organizations gave rise to incongruity and conflict with policy direction and implementation ways of government so that these gave a negative influence to outcomes. Therefore, there are needs of improving effectiveness by consisting of the shared system and formulating organizational culture in order to make the government and intermediary organizations collaborate. By those efforts, intermediary organizations are able to share their information and outcomes of community-building projects with government organization or public servant.
The result of this study has critical implication in that it suggested the way of improving effectiveness and found out which factors make the effectiveness of intermediary organizations turn down as the importance of intermediary organizations has increased in community-building projects.
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