| 本文在问卷查询拜访与语料剖析的基本上,采取定量与定性相联合的研究办法,综合运用说话变异实际、语法化实际、语用化实际、客观化实际等说话学实际,对行动禅话语停止较为微观的多维度研究。研究的重点是：行动禅话语的说话情势特点、行动禅话语的起源与演变进程、行动禅话语的社会散布及行动禅话语的语用评价。作为措辞人潜认识的前提反射,行动禅是人们对外界和自我的认知经由心思加工,客观化后表征为必定的构造情势高度黏附于言语机制当中所构成的固定的说话反响形式,是言语外交者信口开河的、并具有高频复现、语义弱化特点的话语情势。行动禅是在平常话语中广泛存在却又别具一格的言语景象,是人类心灵的莫尔斯电码,是探知人类心坎世界的有用对象。本研究经由过程问卷查询拜访共搜集到759位受试的行动禅话语运用信息,经由过程对行动禅的说话情势特点剖析,发明：人们所运用的行动禅话语情势既具有多样性又表现集中性；行动禅年夜多由2-5字组成,急促无力；行动禅话语表示情势以短语占多数、词语次之、句子再次、固定形式起码；年夜量行动禅话语情势中包括人称代词“我”或“你”,“我”、“你”共现的行动禅情势也很多见；含亲属词“妈”、“妹”、“爷”的行动禅情势极其罕见；很多行动禅中含有外语表达情势,个中,英语式最多,亦有一些日语、韩语及英汉语码混用式行动禅。中、英文行动禅其起源都具有多元化特点,重要泉源包含骂詈语、话语标志语、宗教术语与风行语。从本研究搜集的数据来看,发端于骂詈语的行动禅数目最多,话语标志语其次,风行语再次,宗教术语起码。从骂詈语、宗教术语、风行语演变成长为行动禅的说话机制是语用化,而话语标志类行动禅的生成机制则是语法化。行动禅运用受制于一系列身分的作用,重要社会身分包含性别、年纪、文明水平、职业与地区。这些身分对行动禅的社会散布详细作用以下：①行动禅运用性别差别：与女性比拟,男性运用行动禅数目更多,运用频率更高；男性所运用的行动禅情势更冗长；男性对骂詈行动禅的运用更频仍；男性对话语标志类行动禅的运用数目与频率远低于女性。②行动禅运用年纪差别：在儿童、少年、青年、中年、老年五个年纪阶段人群中,青年人对外语类行动禅、风行语式行动禅运用最为明显；青年、中年人群都较多运用话语标志类行动禅；老年人所运用的行动禅中含无方言辞汇景象较为广泛。③行动禅运用文明水平差别：在低、中、高三种文明水平群体中,低、中等文明群体所运用的行动禅一半阁下为骂詈类,而高文明水平者骂詈行动禅只占1/5阁下；低、中、高三个群体所运用话语标志类行动禅数目与频次无明显性差别,但所选择的话语标志语情势显著分歧；文明水平高的群体对风行语类行动禅运用更明显。④行动禅运用职业差别：中先生行动禅情势多样,但群体个性显著,粗鄙的骂詈语较多,外语辞汇频现；年夜先生行动禅中风行语罕见,“悲催”、“愁闷”、“纠结”、“我晕”为其典范；教员行动禅中骂詈语鲜见,但话语标志类行动禅极其广泛,如“是否是”、“对纰谬”、“然后”等：职业说话行动禅化景象也存在于一些行业范畴。⑤行动禅运用地区差别：西南地域风行的行动禅情势包含“哎呀妈呀”、“啥玩艺儿”、“那家伙”等；川渝地域罕见的行动禅情势包含“锤子”、“毛线”、“老子”、“龟儿子”等；广东地域则有“我顶你个肺”。行动禅亦并不是必定是无用的空话、冗余的信息、说话的赘疣,行动禅话语具有必定的积极感化,如行动禅在言语行动中能施展开启话语外交运动、增进语篇连接、弥补语流闲暇、衔接话轮与牟取话轮、减缓受话人信息懂得与加工压力、宣泄情绪、彰显措辞人的性情与立场等话语功效,过度运用行动禅有助于晋升表达后果。然则行动禅话语欠妥运用所带来的负面作用不容疏忽,如损坏话语外部成份间的连接性、形成说话净化、沦为老生常谈让人厌烦、伤害人际关系等。基于对行动禅的表达后果的剖析,提出行动禅运用的三条对策：过度运用良性行动禅；战胜高频行动禅；去除恶性行动禅。 Abstract: Based on the questionnaire investigation and corpus analysis basically, take quantitative and qualitative phase combination of research methods, comprehensive application of talking actual variability and grammaticalization practical and pragmatic practice, objective reality practice in learning to speak, more microscopic multidimensional research on Zen action words. The focus of the study is: the characteristics of the speech situation, the origin and evolution process of the action, the social spread of the action and the pragmatic evaluation of the action. As the understanding of words unspoken premise reflex, Zen action is people on the outside and self cognition, processed by the mind, objective characterized as certain tectonic situation highly adhesion in the speech mechanism composed of fixed speech response pattern is foreign speakers lip, and has high frequency repetition and semantic weakening the characteristics of discourse situation. Zen action is widely existed in ordinary language but unique language phenomenon, is the human mind of Morse code, and ascertain the useful object for the human heart world. This study through a questionnaire survey of 759 subjects of the action words Zen application information were collected through the language forms of action characteristics of Zen: Zen discourse analysis, present situation of action by people used both diversity and concentration; mostly by the 2-5 mantra words, shortness of weakness; action Zen said at least the situation with the phrase words, words, the majority of the sentence again, fixed form; a large amount of action situation including Zen discourse pronoun "I" or "you", "I" and "you" is now the situation is also very common action of Zen; kinship words containing "mother", "sister" "Ye" mantra situation is extremely rare; many Zen contain foreign language action situation, Chinese, English most, there are also some Japanese, Korean and Chinese English code mixing action of zen. In both English and Chinese Zen action have their origin have diversified characters, a vital source of contains expletives, discourse sign language, religious terms and popular language. This study collected data from the point of view, the originator of Zen action number in the expletives most discourse marker secondly, popular language again, religious terms at least. From expletives, religious terms, popular language evolution of growth for Zen action speak mechanism is pragmatic and discourse markers the formation mechanism of the action of Zen is a grammar. The application of action meditation is influenced by a series of factors, including gender, age, cultural level, occupation and area. These factors of Zen action of social spread are investigated in detail with the following: Zen action application of gender differences: compared to women, Zen men used action number more, application frequency higher; men by the application of Zen action situation more verbose; male scold abusive action of Zen is applied more frequently; male discourse sign class action of Zen application number and frequency is much lower than that of the female. II Zen action application age difference: in children, adolescents, young people, middle-aged, the elderly five age stage population, young people of foreign language class action Zen, the popular application of Zen language action is most obvious; young and middle-aged people are more application of discourse marker class action Zen; the elderly, the application of action of Zen with no dialect glossary scene more widely. 3 action Zen application civilization level difference: in the low, medium and high level of civilization group, low, medium and cultural groups, the application of Zen action half your oaths, and high level of civilization oaths action of Zen accounted for only 1 / 5 of your; discourse applied in the low, middle and high groups sign class Zen action number and frequency of no significant differences between, but the choice of words mark language situation significant differences; a high level of civilization groups of popular genre action Zen application is more obvious. 4 Zen action applied to occupational differences: Mr. Zen action situation varied, but the group personality is distinct, vulgar expletive more, foreign language speech exchange frequent; Mr. action of the eve of the Zen in popular language rare, "miserable", "melancholy" and "kink", "I'm dizzy for the model; teach action Zen expletive uncommon, but discourse markers action Zen is extremely broad, such as" is "," Pi paradox "," then "such as: professional speaking Zen action scene also exists in some industry sectors. The Zen action by regional differences: situation in the southwest region, the popularity of Zen action contains "Oh Maya", "what plaything", "that guy"; Sichuan Chongqing region rare action Zen situation contains "the hammer", "wool", "father", "son of a bitch"; Guangdong domain is "I top you a lung". Zen action also is not necessarily is useless talk, redundant information, speaking of the outgrowth and Zen action discourse has certain positive role, such as Zen action in words and actions can cast open diplomatic movement of the discourse, enhance discourse connection, make up language flow leisure, cohesion turn and Mou take it round, slowed by the words of the information understand and processing pressure, emotional catharsis, highlighting the wording disposition and position, and the discourse function and excessive use of Zen action help the consequences of the expression to the promotion of. However action Zen discourse is undeserved, brought about by the application of negative effects can not be ignored, such as the damage to the discourse exterior element connectivity, formed speak purification, become commonplace make people tired, hurt 目录: |
