| 二战停止后,跟着认识形状和国度好处抵触的加重,美苏两年夜国由战时同盟逐步演化成互相遏制。当暗斗的铁幕延长到西南亚时,美苏协作处理朝鲜成绩的尽力流产。朝鲜半岛内各派政治权势为博得政治主导权互相奋斗,导致政局一片凌乱。这不只直接招致半岛的自力同一搁浅,并且还年夜年夜方便了左派首脑李承晚的突起。在这类配景下,以李承晚为首的左派依附美国的培植在半岛南边率先树立了零丁当局。李承晚当局的下台,直接划定了韩国政治的右转偏向。年夜韩平易近国自树立伊始便移植了美式平易近主轨制的根本框架,但李承晚当局自始至终实施专制统治。交际上,它履行以“北进同一”和韩美联盟为焦点的强硬的反共亲美方针；外交上,它则经由过程实施恐惧政治、搀扶财阀公司、强化反共思惟和留用暴力组织等办法履行高压的威望统治。由此,李承晚当局在韩国树立起了高度集权的专制体系体例。作为初始政权,李承晚当局十二年的专制统治直接塑造了韩国国度轨制的全体建构,决议了韩国社会历久左派化的成长偏向。恰是在它的淫威之下,左派占领了韩国社会的主流,政治平易近主化被耽搁,韩国社会趋于南北极化,对美依靠严重,并使朝鲜半岛的决裂历久化。固然,李承晚专制体系体例中所包含的美式平易近主制基因,为韩国后来的政治平易近主化转型奠基了社会基本。总之,李承晚当局的专制统治从思惟、政治、经济、和交际等各范畴周全而深入地作用了韩国社会的面孔。 Abstract: After the end of the Second World War, along with the understanding of the shape and national conflicts of interest increased, the United States and the Soviet Union two of the eve of the country by the wartime alliance gradually evolved into a mutual containment. When the iron curtain was extended to the South West cold war, the United States and the Soviet Union cooperation deal with North Korea to abortion results. The Korean Peninsula in the political power to win the political dominance of mutual struggle, the political situation in a mess. This is not a direct result of the self same Peninsula stranded, and also greatly facilitate the leftist leaders Li Chengwan. In this kind of background, headed by Li Chengwan left attached to the United States on the peninsula south of the first training set separate authorities. The resignation of the Li Chengwan administration, directly to the South Korean political right turn. Nianye Han Pingyi near state since established at the beginning of porting the basic framework of the American democratic system, but Rhee authorities throughout the implementation of autocratic rule. Communication, which is to perform "northward" and the ROK-US alliance as the focus of the strong anti Communist pro american policy; diplomatic, it through the process of implementation the politics of fear, helped the chaebol, strengthening anti communist ideology and retain violence organization measures to fulfill the high prestige for rule. As a result, the Li Chengwan administration established a highly centralized authoritarian system in Korea. As an initial regime, Syngman Rhee government twelve years of autocratic rule directly shaped the all construction in South Korea's national rail system, determines the growth of Korean society long-term leftward bias. Is precisely under the despotic power, left occupied the mainstream of Korean society, political democracy is delayed, the Korean society tends to be polarization between the north and the south, to the United States rely on severely, and the break of the Korean Peninsula is long-term. Course, Rhee authoritarian systems contain American plain near the main gene, South Korea later political plain near the main transformation laid the basic social. In a word, the tyranny of the Rhee government from each category of ideological, political, economic, and communication is comprehensive and profound influence on the Korean society faces. 目录: 摘要 6-7 Abstract 7 第一章 绪论 9-14 1.1 探讨目的和意义 9 1.2 相关探讨动态 9-12 1.3 探讨思路与措施 12-14 第二章 美苏冷战气候下的朝鲜半岛局势 14-20 2.1 美苏合作的破裂 14-16 2.2 半岛各派政治势力的分裂 16-18 2.3 右派领袖李承晚的崛起 18-20 第三章 李承晚政府的独裁统治 20-34 3.1 强硬的反共亲美方针 20-25 3.1.1 北进统一 20-23 3.1.2 韩美同盟 23-25 3.2 高压的权威统治 25-34 3.2.1 实行恐怖政治 25-27 3.2.2 扶持财阀公司 27-30 3.2.3 强化反共思想 30-32 3.2.4 留用暴力组织 32-34 第四章 韩国社会走向右派化 34-45 4.1 右派占据社会主流 34-37 4.2 政治民主化被延误 37-39 4.3 社会趋向两极化 39-40 4.4 严重依附美国 40-43 4.5 半岛分裂长期化 43-45 第五章 结论 45-46 参考文献 46-51 致谢 51-52 附录一 (韩国前21代文教部长官“反共教育”一览表) 52-53 附录二 (攻读学位期间发表论文目录) 53 |
