The academic research on neologism started since 1930s in China and South Korea, and both countries have achieved much progress in this field for the past 20 years. This attempts to a comparative analysis of the neology in the Chinese and South ...
The academic research on neologism started since 1930s in China and South Korea, and both countries have achieved much progress in this field for the past 20 years. This attempts to a comparative analysis of the neology in the Chinese and South Korean lexicons with a view to discover the development of society and the changes of ideology in terms of lexicology and sociolinguistics.
The features in the new words in Chinese and Korean lexicons up to 2010, and the lexicons include The Latest Chinese-Korean Neologisms Dictionary、Modern Chinese Neologisms Dictionary、Modern Chinese Neologisms Dictionary1978-2000、21st Century Chinese Neologisms Dictionary、Neologisms Dictionary、2008 Chinese Neologisms、2009 Chinese Neologisms、2010 Chinese Neologisms, and also makes reference to the Survey of Neology (1994—2010) made by Korea National Mandarin Court.
This , by quantitative research and qualitative discussion, microcosmic research and macroscopic analysis, firstly makes a description of similarities and differences of Chinese and South Korean neologies respectively, and analyses the characteristics of neologies in terms of linguistics and sociolinguistics.
The literature review summarizes the features of neologism in China and South Korea in 2001, 2005, 2009 and 2010 respectively. And the lexicology analysis is focused on word category, word formation, morphology, and vocabulary generation and expansion.
(1) There are a great number of nouns in both Chinese and South Korean neologies.
(2) The word formation shows the following features:
New Chinese words include single-morpheme words and compound words. New Korean words include single-word and composite words. Most compound words are created on the basis of existing morphemes. The complete newly-generated words are few. The compound words are formed in the rather same way from the view of lexicology, and the only differences lie in the order of verb-object in each country’s words.
The new words are created by way of combining and deriving. The former refers to the words with original structure of root and words with modified structure of root. The latter refers to two kinds of words: prefix-generated words and suffix-generated words.
New Chinese and South Korea words include: a combination of two or more nouns; a combination of adjectives and nouns; a combination of verbs and verbs; a combination of verbs and nouns; a combination of nouns and verbs and a combination of adjectives and verbs. Korean new words feature in a combination of adverbs and nouns; a combination of incomplete root and nouns while Chinese new words feature in a combination of adjectives and adjectives; verbs / adjectives binding; nouns / adjectives binding.
The derived new words mainly include the prefix-generated words and suffix-generated words, the former includes the inherent words plus derived words; Chinese character plus derived words; loanwords prefix. Suffix-generated words include the inherent language plus suffix; Chinese character suffix; loanwords suffix.
(3) This part includes the expansion of meaning, the shrink of meaning, the transformation of meaning and the variety of word connotation.
(4) The last part is about the formation and generation of the new words.
The word formation includes the creation of new words, old words containing new meaning, the intervention of loanwords, the introduction of dialect and rhetoric (metaphor and metonymy). This part aims to analyze the new-words formation by borrowing, rhetoric-made words and analogy. Borrowing refers to the borrowing of loanwords and the borrowing within the same language. Rhetoric-made words include simile, metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole and euphemism. Analogy includes antisense analogy and similar analogy.
The last part of analyses the new words coming into the society for the past 15 years in 3 aspects: changes of word category, social development and representative words in different social period, and the ideology of people and generation of loanwords.
(1) This section makes a systematic analysis on the category changes of new words up to year 2001, 2005, 2009, 2010 from 12 fields: politics, society, military, communications, economics, science, technology, medicine, entertainment, life, culture, geography and the others.
(2) This section summarizes the social developments of China and South Korea, and analyzes the representative words of various periods of two countries, especially on the period of the 1980s, the 1990s, 2000, 2010. The lists the new words solely used in China, solely used in South Korea, the words double used in two countries and words originally used in a country, now used in two countries.
(3) This section analyzes the use of loanwords, thus to explore the changes of Chinese and Korean ideology, showing their differences and similarities. By taking the example of 酷（cool）, this summarizes the changes of people’s viewpoints as to the acceptance and attitude towards new ideas, the interpersonal relationship of “a new generation” , changes of economic structure and the pace of life in two countries.
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