This study aims to define ‘new Hangul alphabets’
in accordance with those Japanese phonemes absent in Korean,
and present the Hangul phonetic alphabet system for representing Japanese.
Hangul in the Joseon Period was used not only for the Korean,
but also for the functions of ‘Sino Korean phonetic transcription’
and ‘other foreign language phonetic transcriptions’,
with respect to which we can find the case of
‘foreign language phonetic transcriptions’ from ‘translation textbooks’,
which can be said to be textbooks of
Sayeokwon ‘Institutue of Interpretation’, in the Joseon Period.
Sayeokwon, as an educational institute for
interpretation, translation, and foreing language learning,
played the role of cultivating interpreters and editing learning materials
for foreign languages, where Hangul was utilized for
description of pronunciations of foreign languages.
Thus, this study has significance in that it revives a usage of Hangul
as in the time of its creation.
I have taken the Japanese language as the subject language for this study.
Japanese has merits as a subject language since it is appropriate to
the application of the syllabificational writing stucture of Hangul
owing to the fact that its rhythm is didvided into certain units called ‘mora’.
There were cases where the phonetic transcription of
Chinese, Monglian, Manchurian as well as Japanese were tried in
translantion textbooks in the Joseon Period.
After this study, other languages could be selected as subject languages.
Chapter 1 discusses the necessity of phonetic symbols,
differences between sounds and letters,
and the ‘structure of language and rhythm’,
and then investigates the Hepbourn Romanization
used for Japanese-Korean dictionaries, now frequently used
Japanese phonetic transcription,
the Hangul phonetic transcription for loan words,
and the IPA(international phonetic alphabet).
Chapter 2 reviews previous works.
First, it examines the Hangul natations of Japanese
in translation textbooks in the Joseon Period.
Second, it reviews Lee Hyeon-bok’s (1981) Hangul phonetic alphabets,
which was discussed from a linguist’s persepctive.
With the Hangul phonetic alphabets as international phonetic symbols
based on Hun-min-jeong-eum,
we can notate several languages including English, French, German,
Italian, Polish, Russian, and Chinese etc.
Third, it examines Ahn sang-soo’s ‘the Future of Hangul alphabets’,
and Min Byeong-geol’s ‘the Evolution of Letters’,
both of which are works from the viewpoint of designers.
Ahn presents new Hangul consonant letters
with respect to the pronunciations of ‘f’ and ‘r’ using basic forms of Hangul.
With ‘the Evolution of Letters’, Min extends Hangul letters
in several forms through the processes of adding lines to basic Hangul letters,
rotating them, or making symmetries, and using them,
he expresses non-human voice like bell sounds and Geomungo’s sounds.
Furthermore, chapter 2 investigates research related to
foreign languages education and other countries’ cases silimar to this study.
Chapter 3 discusses letters and phonemes in Korean and Japanese
through the analysis of ‘IPA positional points’ and ‘alphabet molecules’,
both of which are methods of phonemic analysis devised by the current author.
The ‘alphabet molecules’ represent the list of phonemes and allophones
in the figures of molecules.
Assuming that there eixsts a language as a living organism,
the sounds and letters comprising it are also changing organisms,
and we can regard the elements comprising the letters
as combinations of ‘alphabet molecules’.
Let A be Japanese and B be Korean.
After drawing each ‘alphabet molecule’ from A and B,
we can draw the ‘alphabet molecule’ combination A/B
when there are phonemes or allophones common to A and B,
to analyze the letters by visually representing the relationship
between letters in the two languages.
Chapter 4 explains the concept of feature and analyzes features of Hangul,
the IPA letters, the Hangul Phonetic Letters, and Hanja.
In turn, it presents new Hangul alphabets for notating Japanese sounds
in accordance with the principles of the production of Hun-min-jeong-eum
in order to elicit new letters.
The new Hangul letters include the first sounds of /が, だ, ば, つ, か, た, ざ/.
ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅊ ㄳ ㄹ ㅿ
Lastly, using the new Hangul letters,
I define the system of Hangul phonetic transcription
for the phonetic transcription of Japanese,
and, as an example, I show the phonetic transcriptions of
some places names and human names of Japan.
In addition, they can be used for learning textbooks of Japanese
and guidebooks for tourists.
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