This dissertation deals with the Korean transitive verbs such as 'tanghata'(to be confronted with), 'patta'(to receive), 'ipta'(to be due to), and 'macta'(to be struck) passivised together with their objects, characterizing those constructions as 'pas...
This dissertation deals with the Korean transitive verbs such as 'tanghata'(to be confronted with), 'patta'(to receive), 'ipta'(to be due to), and 'macta'(to be struck) passivised together with their objects, characterizing those constructions as 'passive transitive construction. This thesis investigates morphemic, syntactic, and semantic characteristics while considering each constituent's properties and restrictions. Despite these constructions have been used widely and frequently these days sufficient explanation has not been made so far.
In this regard, this analysis employs three major methodologies. First, I prefer diversity rather than absolute regularity in the analysis and description of the constructions. Second, I propose an approach to overcome preliminary investigations like Transformational Generative Grammar theory and also purely lexical approaches in which meanings of verbs are only considered. Third, I examine collocational conditions and characteristics of each constituent and types of constructions based on corpus, the actual language database.
Chapter 2 is mainly concerned with the regularity of {i}-group construction, which has been recognized as the most typical passive construction. I argue that Korean passive constructions, including {i}-group construction, do not show morph-syntactic regularity. It is also shown that there is no immutable link between syntactic-semantic relationship of active and passive constructions. In Korean an object also can be a major constituent in passive constructions.
In chapter 3, I analyze main constituents of passive transitive constructions. Their three characteristics are the following. First, a personal passive agent is widely captured due to the semantic feature [/affectedness] of passive transitive constructions, likewise semantic features of passive verbs and antecedents induce [/affectedness] and [-affectedness] passive agents. Second, an agent is deleted easily when it is a generic person or it can be recovered depending on contexts. Third, because various antecedent constituents combine with various passive verbs in passive transitive constructions, their passivized meanings are also varied. To represent these various passive meanings, personal agents are substituted for indirect agents with various forms such as '-eykey/hanthey/kkey'(to), '-eykeyse/hantheyse/ulopute'(from), '-ey/ulo/uloinhay/ttaymuney'(to), '-eyse'(from), and '-uy'(of).
Chapter 4 is devoted to the analysis of antecedents, the exclusive constituents in passive constructions. Although it is generally known that 'ha-' of 'hata'(to do) group predicates is replaced by a passive transitive verb when passivized. I propose that the antecedents are no longer classified as verbal predicates, but as nouns, including native Korean words, words from Chinese origin, and borrowed words from foreign origin. It is shown that antecedents are [-substantial] basically, and that some antecedents carry [/active], or [/stative] features depending on their individual properties. Moreover, with respect to the passive transitive verbs combined, they show [/affectedness], [-affectedness], or [0affectedness] features, which are represented to be crucial in collocational conditions and semantic properties of passive constructions. Abstract
In chapter 5, I analyze the types and characteristics of passive transitive constructions. The basic type is 'NP-i NP-X NP-ul V', and each passive verb is sorted into 9 types in terms of agent marker X. The three characteristics are as follows. First, since the major characteristics of 'tanghata' passive construction is claimed to be the passivization of [affectedness] event, its affected agent is most prominent. Second, the meaning of 'patta' construction is represented as [/affectedness], [-affectedness], and [0affectedness], thus the feature [benefactive] is more focused than the feature [affectedness]. Third, 'ipta' construction is distinguished by its [/stative] nouns with Chinese origin, and shows similarity to 'patta' construction. Fourth, compared to other passive verbs, 'macta' construction reveals fairly limited antecedent in terms of the number of the verb and frequency in use. It shows strong [/affectedness] from the semantic point of view.
In conclusion, this thesis tries to expand the research territory in Korean passive construction, which previously drew mostly on {i}-group passive construction, and especially investigates the constituent's properties and typological aspects of passive transitive constructions.
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