The purpose of this study is to show characteristics of Korean children's vocabulary. In the study the words that was used by children was analyzed as a word structure and word origin. The word structure is founded on word formation rule. And an acquisition of word formation rule affected by children's intelligence. In the early vocabulary, children use simpler and easier words. But the children get older and older, they can use more difficult words like derivative word, compound word, sino-Korean or word of foreign origin. So we can expect that characteristics of word structure and origin will show different aspects on the age.
Sixty children from 3 to 8 year-old(10 persons for each age) participated. From each person 300 spontaneous speech was corrected. And words was classified as a part of speech ; noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pre-noun. These words occupied approximately 95% among whole words of children's vocabulary in this study. Each part of speech was classified as word structure(simple word, derivative word, compound word) and word origin(pure-Korean, sino-Korean, word of foreign origin).
Out of analysis of word structure, in common noun the rate of simple, derivative and compound word was 77%, 10% and 13%. Simple words continually increased until 8 year-old. On the other hand derivative word increased 6 year-old and compound word 4 year-old. In the verb 60%, 19% and 21%. And in the adjective 70%, 22% and 8%.
Out of analysis of word origin, in common noun the rate of sino-Korean was 33.6% in the 3 year-old but 50.7% in the 8 year-old. In the adverb and pre-noun, the rate of sino-Korean increased continually same as common noun. The rate of word of foreign origin was 10∼11% in the all age.
According to the result, the children acquired words from simple words to derivative or compound words in the word structure. And from pure Korean to sino-Korean or word of foreign origin in the word origin. Thus analysis of word structure and word origin include of part of speech will be one of criterion of development of children's vocabulary.
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