This thesis is a comparative study on Korean lexical passive form ‘X되다/받다/당하다’ and English passive form ‘be p.p.’. Most of the previous studies on Korean passive sentences and English passive sentences focused on the translation ... This thesis is a comparative study on Korean lexical passive form ‘X되다/받다/당하다’ and English passive form ‘be p.p.’. Most of the previous studies on Korean passive sentences and English passive sentences focused on the translation method changing from English passive sentences into Korean ones, and addressed that many cases of English passive sentences are better translated into Korean active sentences rather than into Korean passive sentences. This finding seems not enough for English speakers to learn and make use of Korean passive forms efficiently. Therefore this , putting the 3 Korean forms ‘X되다/받다/당하다’ as the basis of Korean passive form, compared English passive sentences in one-to-one correlations and found out the similarities and differences between the two languages. Firstly, while there are 3 forms in Korean passive sentences :‘X되다/받다/당하다’, there is only one form in English passive sentence: ‘be p.p.’, so it can cause English speaking learners much trouble in learning Korean passives forms. I divided ‘X되다/받다/당하다’ forms into two categories: ‘X되다’ and ‘X받다/당하다’ and researched on the similarities, differences and relations between the two. I put the lower categorized factors as (in)humanity of subjects, agents, and datvie case ‘에게’. Chapter 2 compared and contrasted the (in)humanity of subject in the two language passive sentences. In Korean, there are limitations of passive verb choice in using ‘X되다’ or ‘X받다/당하다’ and sentence patterns, and the (in)humanity of subject seem to be the main factors of the limitation. As for the examples of the limitation in sentence pattern choice, I showed ‘X되다’ passive sentence and ‘X받다/당하다’ object passive sentence out of 3 style active sentences. The limitation of the (in)humanity of subject means that the union of inhuman subject with ‘X되다’ is regular but, human subject displays irregularity because it cannot be combined with some particular passive verbs. Human subject can be combined with only ‘X받다/당하다’ and can be combined with both ‘X되다’ and ‘X받다/당하다’. As for the exceptional case of the limitation, inhuman subject has a strong inclination of being united with ‘X받다/당하다’ as well as ‘X되다’ on condition that the inhuman noun is modified by human noun or is combined with agents. Meanwhile I compared the humanity of subject in Korean and English and clarified that Korean sentences can include human or inhuman subject whereas English sentences can have only human subject in some cases or only inhuman subject in other cases. Chapter 3 compared and contrasted agents. Agent markers can be categorized based on the (in)humanity of agent. Furthermore, agent markers can be categorized into common markers both used in ‘X되다’ passive sentence and ‘X받다/당하다’ passive sentence. Also, the (in)humanity of agent has the subject limitation. There are few of the sentence patterns of ‘inhuman subject / human agent / X되다’ in Korean dictionary examples and English-Korean translation examples. In the case that human subject can be combined with both ‘X되다’ and ‘X받다/당하다’, inhuman agent is inclined to be combined with ‘X되다’ while human agent is inclined to be combined with ‘X받다/당하다’. In addition, inhuman subject without agent is only combined with ‘X되다’ and if the sentence is added with agent, sentence can be fused with ‘X받다/당하다’. Meanwhile, as the result of comparison of agent between Korean and English, it can be said that the only preposition 'by' is used as agent marker in English without any limitation of (in)humanity of subject or agent. Chapter 4 compared and contrasted the dative ‘에게’. The passive sentence seems to have the common agent marker and the dative ‘에게’ marker. I searched the entry of passive verb ‘X되다’ in Naver Korean Dictionary and realized that there are some cases that ‘에/에게’ is used in the sentences. However, ‘에/에게’ is not clearly defined as an agent marker or a dative marker so it can bring about confusion. As the final conclusion, whereas the dative ‘에게’ remains in active voice and passive voice, an agent is switched into subject in active voice, which is a big difference. Also, the dative ‘에게’ shows irregularity whether to remain or disappear in the sentence if the active voice changes into ‘X되다’. I compared the dative ‘에게’ in Korean and English and realized that only 'by' is used as an agent marking preposition in English and the other prepositions are used as the dative ‘에게’ marking prepositions. So the distinction is relatively easy. Also English commands the regularities that the object in active voice is changed into the subject in passive voice. In Korean, the dative ‘에게’ shows irregularity. The reason for this irregularity is the humanity of the dative ‘에게’. In Korean passive sentences, there are few cases of 'inhuman subject / human agent / dative ‘에게’ / X되다’ sentence forms. However there are many of these sentence forms in English. In Korean sentences, it seems that ‘X되다’ passive sentence corresponds when the dative ‘에게’ is inhuman and an active sentence with an agent subject corresponds when the dative ‘에게’ is human. This thesis focused on the similarities, differences, and correlations between ‘X되다’ passive sentences and ‘X받다/당하다’ passive sentences. This study established the characteristics of the (in)humanity of subject, an agent, and the dative ‘에게’. This is can be estimated meaningful in that it is the first research based on this finding to compare and contrast Korean passive sentences and corresponding English passive sentences. Keywords: ‘be p.p’ passive sentence, ‘X되다/받다/당하다’ passive sentence, passive verb, active sentence, active verb, lexical passive expression, agent, agent marker, dative ‘에게’
|
