The purpose of this study is to clarify the aspect of choosing and realizing the final ending {-ta} in practical language situation by attempting to analyze the context of utterances about the usage pattern of the final ending {-ta}. This study was in... The purpose of this study is to clarify the aspect of choosing and realizing the final ending {-ta} in practical language situation by attempting to analyze the context of utterances about the usage pattern of the final ending {-ta}. This study was initiated from the fact that contextual analysis is needed for Korean grammar description and that the description of the Heara style final ending {-ta} in Korean language education does not fully reflect the actual practical language. Focus will be on the following four points to discuss and clarify. Firstly, what are the contextual factors that are involved in the selective utterance of the Haera style final ending {-ta}, which has humble status in the native Korean speaker’s relative honorification. Secondly, what is the syntactic characteristic of a utterance sentence that includes final ending {-ta}? Thirdly, what is the functionality of {-ta} distinguished from Hae style final ending {-eo}? Fourthly, does the result derived inductively from this study corresponds with the native Korean speakers’ intuitions? To clarify these points, the study has attempted quantitative analysis of contextual factors based on corpus data consisting of drama scripts in parallel with qualitative analysis that extracts semantic functions of utterance sentences which includes final ending {-ta}, and the results were compared with the intuition of the native Korean speakers through questionnaire surveys. As a result, the contextual factors that cause the speaker to make a significant difference in selecting the final ending {-ta} were found to be the individual factors of the speaker and the hearer including their gender and age, relative factors between the speaker and the hearer including relations or differences between their gender, age, status, intimacy, relationship, etc., and the characteristics or genre of the utterance situation. For example, as Haera style final ending {-ta} is not an honorificating form, it can be presumed that the majority of the usage is between higher age group of speakers to the lower hearers but according to the corpus analysis, the usage was most frequent in the utterances from the youngest age groups, 20s and below. It was even used to the older hearers by younger speakers quite frequently if their relationship was intimate. On the other hand, a middle-aged or older speaker tended to use the final ending {-ta} for the purpose of making statement without special intention of uttering, revealing the weight and distance to the lower hearer. But no usage by the 20s and 30s age group speakers for the same purpose was found, indicating that younger speakers use {-ta} for the various purposes such as admiration, criticism, etc. rather than for the purpose of stating objective facts. One previous study suggested that {-ta} is mainly used by the male speakers because of its brusque nuance. As a result of the corpus analysis, in the situations of speaking to the formal groups of hearers, {-ta} was mainly used by the male speakers in a way a higher status speaker speaks to the lower hearers with firm nuances which was a typical characteristic of Haera style final ending. But in the casual and conversational situations, the male and the female speakers had different usages of {-ta} endings. The female speakers had more frequent usages of {-ta} than the male speakers, but in more friendly nuances to show their emotions or decisions, being contrary to the male speakers’ usage. In addition to analyzing contextual factors, this study also tried to reveal the syntactic features of sentences using different combinations with {-ta}. {-ta} combined with prefinal endings, {-get-} and {-ut/eot-}, combined with postpositioning, {-ida}, combined with {-nta}. These combinations are analyzed using variable factors such as vocabulary distribution, adverb, subject restrictions, etc. Also, the contextual and syntactic analysis was extended to extract the pragmatic functions of the final ending {-ta}, how it is used in the spoken language with various communicative functions, how it cannot always be replaced by a general final ending {-eo}. In order to investigate {-ta}’s function distinguished from {-eo}, discourse appropriateness intuition surveys for native Korean speakers have been conducted. As a result, {-ta}’s distinct usage characteristics were found to be in the usages in confirming, criticizing, admiring, expressing wills, warning, etc. This study is composed of 6 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the purpose and necessity of the study and presents the scope of the study. Chapter 2 introduces the theoretical background of the study and examines the description of the Heara style final endings in relative honorifications from the perspectives of Korean linguistics and Korean language pedagogy. Chapter 3 describes the corpus data, the subject of the study and the research methodology and in chapter 4, the analysis of the final ending {-ta} is divided into contextual, syntactic and semantic function analysis. Chapter 5 analyzes and compares the result to the native Korea speaker’s intuition survey and the last chapter concludes with the significance and the limitations of this study. 참고문헌 (Reference) |
