Creation of abbreviation is a phenomenon that happens unexceptionally in every language. Modern society is being diversification and opened in various fields by rapid development of science technology and so forth. Therefore, new system or conception ... Creation of abbreviation is a phenomenon that happens unexceptionally in every language. Modern society is being diversification and opened in various fields by rapid development of science technology and so forth. Therefore, new system or conception is introduced from day to day and number of vocabulary increased. Because ‘long talk’ use in everyday language decreases efficiency of communication, word abbreviation occurs based on the ‘economic principle.’ Due to the advancement of globalization or development in IT and telecommunication device in present Korea and Japan, numerous abbreviations are created and cease to exist repeatedly. However, they are regarded as childish words of lacking formality and have not been fully studied. In addition, most of preceding studies on abbreviations focused on word-formation. So, there have not been many studies that examined the word form of all the abbreviations quantitatively using plural data. Although characteristic of one language could be more precisely defined by contrast and compare aspect, it is quite rare to find comparative study of abbreviation between Korea and Japan. On the account, this study concretely examined the word formation and morphologic characteristic of abbreviations in Korea and Japan, using dictionaries and news as an analytic data. In addition, this study looked into the history, creative factors, function and positioning of abbreviations. From the third chapter to the fourth chapter, the morphologic characteristic of abbreviations was examined from such 4 aspects as mora (syllable), line, word kind and abridgment form. The third chapter consists of consideration of characteristic of abbreviation in Japanese, which specifically used Meiko Japanese dictionary?the second edition (鏡?語?典?第二版) and abbreviations appeared on headwords (見出し語) of Asihi News (朝日新聞) within one year to examine. According to abbreviations examined by moras using Meiko Japanese dictionary-the second edition, most of abbreviations have the form of 2, 3 and 4-mora abridgment and abbreviations that abridged more than five moras are extremely rare. This practice derives from Japanese sense of sound of which basic unit consists of 2 moras and this fact can be confirmed by mora analysis of Japanese dictionary, haiku (俳句) and waka (和歌), or Japanese onomatopoeia(オノマトペ). As for lines, the frequency of appearance was higher in ‘カline’, ‘サline’, ‘タline’, and ‘ハline,’ and abbreviations in other lines were rare. In addition, ‘アline’ and ‘アline’ which ‘loan word’ occupies 80.6%, similarly ‘ハline’ occupies 75.4% of ‘loan word’ or ‘load word / loan word’ formed ‘loan ward,’ ‘ラline’ presents very rare native abbreviation, and ‘ワline’ has only four abbreviation because of few vocabulary; these result shows that each line has their own characteristic. As for word kinds, loan words were most frequent and it was followed by ‘Chinese words / words of Chinese character’, and ‘words of Chinese character’, and ‘native word’ in order. In addition, the abbreviations of ‘hybrid compound words’, such as ‘loan word / word of Chinese character’ and ‘native word / word of Chinese character’, were only 14 words and its rate of appearance was only 4.0%. Even in the ‘るlanguage’ and ‘いlanguage’ that not many examples are mentioned, characteristic of word kind could be seen. Total five words that appeared in ‘るlanguage’ were all verbified by adding case ending ‘る’in ‘loan word’ abbreviation. On the other hand, different from ‘いlanguage’, ‘るlanguage’ which 11 words appeared, abbreviation formed by adding ‘い’ to ‘loan word’ abbreviation, adding ‘い’ to ‘word of Chinese character’, adding ‘い’ to onomatopoeia abbreviation, or so forth that it has a characteristic of forming by combination with various word kinds. In ‘simple word’ abbreviation, ‘loan word’ abbreviation is the most frequent with 145 words, followed by ‘word of Chinese character,’ and ‘native word.’ On the other side, in ‘compound word’ abbreviation, it is rare to abridge different kinds of words but they abridge between same kinds. However, even the ‘compound word’ abbreviation’s mora restricted that mostly has to become 4-mora. To find out the characteristic of Japanese abbreviations, abbreviations presented in headword of representative Japanese news, Asihi News were examined. As for moras, abbreviations were appeared from moras 1 to 12; 4-mora abbreviations were most frequent. In addition, even-numbered mora abbreviations were nearly twice more than odd-numbered mora abbreviations were nearly twice more than odd-numbered mora abbreviations. This result seems to be consistent with the result of the Japanese dictionary. As for lines, there were lines to which word kinds were widespread, such as ‘アline’; in which ‘loan word’ abbreviation is omnipresence, such as ‘カline’; and in which ‘word of Chinese character is omnipresence, such as ‘カline.’ Also, like the example of「社（?）保（障）審（議?年金）部?」of ‘サline’ or like ‘ワline’ that many abbreviation appeared which putted bit aside from typical Japanese abbreviation mora 2, 3, or 4; shows that there are lines that hard to produce abbreviation. As for word kinds, ‘word of Chinese character / word of Chinese character’ were most frequent and it was followed by ‘word of Chinese character / loan word’ and ‘word of Chinese character.’ In case of compound words, ‘single compound word’ composed of ‘word of Chinese character / word of Chinese character’ were the most frequent, and in the case of ‘hybrid compound word,’ example of word that composed of more than three kinds was the most frequent. As for abridgment forms, ‘single abridgment’ abbreviations were most frequent, which presenting the fact that one-place abridged abbreviations appeared most frequently in the headword of newss. In addition, subclass of ‘single abridgment’,the abbreviations of ‘below-omission style’ were most frequently used, but the ‘upper-omission style’ and ‘middle-omission style’ were not frequently used.’Plural abridgment,’ too, most frequently used were the ‘upper-omission style’. Also, ‘single abridgment’ appeared in the ‘hybrid compound word’’, ‘upper-omission style’ and ‘middle-omission style’ were less and most of abbreviations were ‘below-omission style’ as the ‘single compound word’. This tendency keeps remaining in the ‘hybrid compound word’. The Forth chapter is about characteristic of abbreviation in Korea which studied by Korean dictionary and news similar to method used to study Japan’s. First of all, based on the analyze of abbreviation in ‘Korean dictionary-the fifth addition,’ abbreviation on consonant ‘ㄱ’ was the most frequent, followed by consonant ‘ㅂ,’ consonant ‘ㅅ,’ and consonant ‘ㅁ’ which distributed by syllable. In distribution by syllable, Korean abbreviation concentrates on one, two, and three syllabled and two-syllabled has 177 abbreviations and was most frequent among them. Then in word kind and syllable analyze, ‘loan word’ abbreviation was rare in ‘simple word’ abbreviation but in the ‘word of Chinese’ abbreviation which was the most frequent, two-syllabled word was frequent among them. Lastly, ‘native word’ abbreviation also concentrated on two or three syllables. In the ‘single compound word,’ ‘native word / native word’, and ‘loan word / loan word’ form abbreviation never appeared but all of them were abbreviation formed by ‘word of Chinese character / word of Chinese character.’ Lastly, In the ‘hybrid compound word’ abbreviation, ‘native word / word of Chinese character’ and ‘loan word / word of Chinese character’ were only two examples. In analyze of abbreviation kinds, ‘below-omission style’ abbreviation was most frequent, followed by ‘middle-omission style’ and ‘upper-omission style.’ On the other hand, ‘plural abbreviation’ has pattern that skips back part of the each word. In the ‘hybrid compound word,’ one ‘middle-omission style’ and one ‘below-omission style’ appeared. To find out the characteristic of Korean abbreviations, abbreviations presented in headword within a year of Chosun News were examined. As for syllable, abbreviation is mostly concentrated in two or three syllables and it was rare to find abbreviation more than seven syllables that it hasn’t been appeared during this research. As for consonant, consonant’ㄱ’ was the most frequent, followed by consonant’ㅅ’ and ‘ㅇ.’ Also only one word appeared for each consonant ‘ㄹ,’ ‘ㅊ,’ and ‘ㅋ.’ As for word kinds, ’compound word’ abbreviations were found twice more than ‘simple word’ abbreviations found in headword of ‘Chosun News.’ For the ‘simple word’ abbreviation, ‘word of Chinese’ was most frequent, followed by ‘loan word’ abbreviation, and ‘native word’ abbreviation. As for ‘single compound word’ abbreviation, ‘word of Chinese character / word of Chinese character; was the most frequently used but ‘native word / native word’ form has never appeared in this research. On the other hand, like ‘word of Chinese character / word of Chinese character / word of Chinese character,’ or ‘loan word / loan word / loan word’, three or more word kinds formed abbreviation is most frequently used in ‘hybrid compound word’ abbreviation. As for ‘single abridgment,’ ‘below-omission style’ was the most frequently used, followed by ‘middle-omission style’ and upper-omission style.’ On the other hand, ‘single compound word’ was twice as much frequently used than ‘hybrid compound word’ in plural abridgment.’ Since the purpose of this study was to secure the objectivity of data and quantify the Korean and Japanese morphologic character of abbreviations, such 4 kinds of printed materials as Japanese dictionaries, Korean dictionaries, and newss were used as analytic data. Language is ever changing and it seems to be not easy to grasp the process of change only with printed materials. In this vein, it seems to be necessary to carry out comparison study of Korea and Japan with visual images in which the sense of actual scenes in vivid.
|
