This study gives attention to linguistic circumstance, solution for the national language problem, the development of Hangeul in Korea since liberation on August 15, 1945. Also, this study examines language affairs focusing on Hangeul campaigns betwee... This study gives attention to linguistic circumstance, solution for the national language problem, the development of Hangeul in Korea since liberation on August 15, 1945. Also, this study examines language affairs focusing on Hangeul campaigns between 1945 and 1957 performed by the Joseoneohakhoe(The Korean Language Society). The Joseoneohakhoe which had resumed its activities after Korean liberation took steps toward important work like compilation of textbooks, training teachers for Korean language, organizing the class of Korean language, republishing monthly magazine Hangeul, compilation of Korean dictionary, etc. as urgent problems. The U.S. military administration which took charge of ruling the southern part of Korea below the 38th parallel had to lean on Koreans concerned with education for education normalization. The Joseoneohakhoe needed to use the U.S. military administration’s practical power for Hangeul campaign’s smooth development. A few key members amongst the Joseoneohakhoe like Choi Hyunbae and Jang Jiyeong worked in the education section of the U.S. military administration. In this situation, both the Joseoneohakhoe and the U.S. military administration cooperated on the compilation of textbooks, training teachers, exclusive use of Hangeul, etc. As the result, many Korean language textbooks were compiled, including the first Korean language textbook Hangeul Cheot Geoleum(Hangeul First Step). It was the first textbook which was made with the exclusive use of Korean and horizontal writing. Classes organized by the Joseoneohakhoe were generally said to be a ‘Hangeul(Korean language) class’, but it had three kinds in detailed. Those classes were organized for the public, retraining teachers, and educating Korean language teachers. The Joseoneohakhoe concentrated its efforts on classes for educating teachers, which helped to supply Korean language teachers at a time when there was a lack of teachers. Furthermore, the Joseoneohakhoe founded the Sejong Training Center for Middle School Teachers. It was significant in the history of Korean language education and colleges of education that the Joseoneohakhoe founded a professional training center for Korean language teachers at the beginning of the modern Korea’s foundation. The Joseoneohakhoe led the Mother Tongue Recovery Campaign and contributed greatly to the recovery of the national language, but it had trouble with these who put stress on the words from Chinese letters. As the result, confrontation between pure Korean language and the words from Chinese letters was provoked. However, the Mother Tongue Recovery Campaign bore big fruits to recover the purity of the mother tongue, to establish Korean’s linguistic identity and national identity. Meanwhile, Kim Doobong asked Lee Geukro to take charge of national language affairs in North Korea and Lee went to North Korea in April, 1948. Kim Byeongje and Lee Mankyu who had come to the North Korea after Lee’s move worked in the Joseoneomunyeonguhoe(The society for study of Korean language in North Korea). The Joseoneomunyeonguhoe established New System of Korean Spelling and published Korean Language Grammar. It followed morphology that had been established by the Joseoneohakhoe in 1933. Also its policy about grammar, standard language, and the exclusive use of Korean language was homogeneous with the Joseoneohakhoe in South Korea. It was possible as the Joseoneohakhoe’s scholars in North Korea like Lee Geukro, Kim Byeongje and Lee Mankyu made efforts to maintain the homogeneity of the national language, while preparing for the unification. However, as the Joseoneohakhoe was burdened with Lee Geukro’s activities and the foundation of Joseon Minjujui Inmingonghwaguk(Democratic People's Republic of Korea), so it changed its name into ‘Hangeulhakhoe’ in October, 1949. This study particularly took notice of the appearance of ‘Hangeul Generation’ and the campaign to use Hangeul exclusively, which opened the age of Hangeul. The Joseoneohakhoe started the campaign to use Hangeul exclusively with the Korean liberation and abolished Chinese letters in the textbooks for elementary school and middle school. Finally, the Joseoneohakhoe played the crucial role in the establishment of the law for exclusive use of Hangeul. Even if it took long time to realize the exclusive use of Hangeul, Hangeul occupied the formal status as national character and the exclusive use of Hangeul became the basic system for the writing in Korean. Those results came from the sympathy to Hangeul’s value. The revolutionary event in the history of Korean language was the exclusive use of Hangeul overcoming the old custom, which mingled Korean and Chinese characters. One of the national tasks for Joseoneohakhoe was to compile the Korean dictionary. The compilation of the dictionary began in 1929. Then, it repeatedly ran into difficulties because of technical problem, economic difficulties, and Japanese colonial rulers’ control. The first hardship was the ‘Joseoneohakhoe Incident’ in 1942, under the Japanese colonial rule. Then, it met other hardships like the Korean war and Hangeul orthography simplification upheaval in the 1950s after the liberation. Amongst them, the Hangeul orthography simplification upheaval occurred because the ruler Syngman Rhee, who had little professional knowledge about Hangeul, recklessly tried to take his hand in the language affair. As the orthography simplification which was provoked by Syngman Rhee became serious challenge and the threat against Hangeul orthography and the Great Korean Dictionary, the Joseoneohakhoe resisted the government to protect the orthography and to publish the Great Korean Dictionary. As the result of the protest performed by the Joseoneohakhoe, educational and cultural circles, the upheaval was figured out in September, 1955. As for the Great Korean Dictionary, at last, it was completed with the volume 1-6 on October 9 in 1957. As it was studied above, the Joseoneohakhoe after the liberation played big role to normalize education through organizing Hangeul classes, training Korean language teachers. It also recovered the national language and national spirit with the mother tongue recovery campaign. Lee Geukro, Kim Byeongje and Lee Mankyu who went to the North Korea made efforts to unify the language between the North and the South. The campaign for the exclusive use of Korean language made a basic system of the writing in Korean, produced the Hangeul generation and opened the age of Hangeul. The Joseoneohakhoe completed the great Korean dictionary, which have been a treasure house for Korean language. Hangeul was not given to us automatically, without pains. The revolution in the use of language, which was the result of the Joseoneohakhoe(The Korean Language Society)’s Hangeul campaigns after the liberation, occurred. Therefore, the foundation of Hangeul-based society for knowledge, information, and culture could be built. Key words: Liberation, Joseoneohakhoe(The Korean Language Society), The Korean Language Society, Hangeul, Hangeul Campaign, Exclusive Use of Hangeul, Language Policy, Mother Tongue Recovery Campaign, Textbook, Hangeul class, Joseoneohakhoe Incident, Hangeul Orthography, Hangeul Orthography Simplification Upheaval, Great Korean Dictionary, U.S. Military Administration, Ministry of Education, Linguistic Nationalism, Choi Hyunbae, Lee Geukro, Jang Jiyeong, Syngman Rhee ，韩语论文，韩语论文 |
