A Cognitive Study on the Similar Proverbs of Korean and Japanese
Tabata, Mitsuko
Department of Korean Language and Literature
Graduate School of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies
This research is contrast with the similar proverbs betwee...
A Cognitive Study on the Similar Proverbs of Korean and Japanese
Tabata, Mitsuko
Department of Korean Language and Literature
Graduate School of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies
This research is contrast with the similar proverbs between Korean and Japanese by the cognitive linguistics, and it is to clear of the same and different quality of the similar proverbs between two countries.
The material of proverb for the object of analysing is from Chung Ji-Suk's appendix(2007), selected most frequency about 350 phrases of Korean and Japanese similar proverbs and its resemblance, where in contained Korean proverbs PS List 1,460 phases.
Firstly, in Chapter 2, begin adjusting with definition of proverbs and figure(metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche), and the perspective of definition. And definition of proverbs with used in Korea and Japan and then definition of figurative are coincide or not etc, finally adjusted fundamentally.
Secondly, in Chapter 3, the similar proverbs between Korean and Japanese to clear the disparity from the selected 350 phrases as we listed upon, and then we chose the top 96 phrases. And considering how to use proverbs through the analyzing from the Korean who studying Japanese language written sentences, therefore we tried appearing of their mother tongue's interfere. The result could adjusting as follows.
･ At the each class, used for the illustrative sentence of learning students' proverbs, we could see the number of deviation of frequencies, and it could say the result is cleared that the proverbs can use easily by student.
･ In the same case of figurative material by Korean and Japanese proverbs, we almost couldn't see the unnatural composition, but by the different figurative material of proverbs, we could find many unnatural illustrative sentences. Also in the Korean proverbs, we have seen so many upper-concept in unnatural illustrative sentences there.
･ We have researched Koran and Japanese mutually corresponding in the similar proverbs of both countries, we found to need for examine the proverbs.
･ By analyzing the illustrative sentences use of proverbs, we could discover the mother tongue interfere. Therefore this is the similar proverbs, so we could say things hard to notice.
Thirdly, in Chapter 4, we selected top 24 phrases in the 350 phrases of Korean and Japanese similar proverbs, then asking to make sentences to both counties' learner put into each similar proverbs. Korean learning Japanese language wrote proverb sentences and Japanese learning Korean language wrote proverb sentences, we analyzed to what extent appearing of thoughtful agreement, and then fully detailing and thinking such serious aspect. And, about how much the each mother tongue interferes' appearing also studied then the result is as follows.
･ Figurative embodiment, synecdoche's relation of Korean and Japanese, and we could find interference of each other. Then such result we adjusted on the face and more could make charted relation of metaphor and synecdoche.
･ At first disposition of figurative proverbs we charted "synecdoche/metaphor" type after utilize this, classified 3 types chart means in case of the Korean proverb is the upper-concept, the Japanese proverb is the lower-concept(Chart 6), and oppositely in case of the Japanese proverb is the upper-concept, the Korean proverb is the lower-concept(Chart 7), and then in case of both countries concept is the lower-concept (or upper-concept) in the parallel will be Chart 8.
･ We understand from the Charts, we see so many unnatural composition of proverb that is confirmed by the kind of lower-concept, and the Korean learning Japanese language using the Chart7-type of proverb, it is easy to be the unnatural sentences by the mother tongue interfere, on the other hand, the Japanese learning Korean language using the Chart7-type of proverb they also to be as same thing happening that we can conjecture.
･ The Chart8-type of proverb is having same of the upper-concept as the lower-concept proverb, therefore in relation of synecdoche respect we can see the same. But, the difference of material and description we needed other perspective(such as the third party viewpoint). Accordingly the same type in quality and disparate of research we could possibly started.
Result of such kind of thinking the definition of "similar proverb" we could made the conclusion as "It is the related synecdoche of proverb." Such as concreted is previously stated as following the Chart6(Korean≧Japanese), Chart7(Korean≦Japanese), Chart8(Korean=Japanese). Basis from such kind of the cause, we classified similar proverbs of Korean and Japanese at next Chapter 4.
Fourthly, Chapter 5, as an object of classification of the similar proverbs are about 350 phrases, and as well its pattern, and then we focussed to proverbs having figurative
aspect, and tried to classify. Appearing in the proverbs of Korean and Japanese about same and different, we tried to show by the list to understand easily.
･ Object of about 350 phrases in Korean and Japanese similar proverbs, the result of examined comparison, it could classified all 109 items as separated meanings.
･ We could see more same type of proverbs in Korean than Japanese.
･ Analyzing of figure could considered most of them are type of "synecdoche/metaphor" type. "For special example under the conditions, lessons are expressible if we think as such special characteristic, this existence of compounded figure took it for granted. To the definition of proverb, the type of figurative must be included we could say. As the standard of proverb's similarity, by the metapher and synecdoche could do inspection.
･ At the synecdoche relation between Korean and Japanese, it was more case of Korean proverb's, lower-concept of than Japanese proverb. At the time of Korean learning Japanese language in the educational field, it could say happening more provoked interference by the mother tongues, at the same time highly supposed happening more of possibility making the unnatural compositions. In other words, compared to Japanese learner of Koran language when they study proverbs there is less interference of mother tongue, and could see the less tendency of incorrect using.
･ Perspective of appearing proverb was not many but we could see in Japanese proverbs. Most of time it was concerning of the third party or not, but this research is needed more unfolding and leave as a subject.
At last, trying to adjust meaning of main research. For the difference of culture and custom, we have same social life of the common point, so in Kora and Japan, there will be existing quite reasonable of the similar proverbs of Korean and Japanese. And more, because of the different culture and custom, the material of figurative and the way of using figurative are different so that is we could say also reasonable. Therefore, differences of similar proverbs between using in Korea and Japan for thought process, then we could find out the significance.
At the advanced research, as we considered the research about proverbs we have done so much. But analyzing of the figure in the proverb was mostly for the material classification. At the main research, we decided the fundamental conception means the "Recognition of triangle" of Seto(1997b) and then we considered expression of proverb metaphor, metonymy and synecdoche, therefore we understood that the contrasting analysis for Korean and Japanese, the most of necessary conception, is the metaphor and synecdoche's conception.
It means, the synecdoche has one of independent category, it is not divided in two forms including synecdoche to metonymy, but all of metaphor, metonymy and synecdoche we made independent of each, and more, it will be one of the basis of reasonable inspection that means to preserve for triangle relation and three forms of classify.
And on this , Korean who learning Japanese written Japanese composition and Japanese who learning Korean written Korean composition, our reason was analyzing both sides. And then according of the similar proverbs which was used between Korean and Japanese, we analyzed learner's recognition and the present situation, therefore the each country concerning about vocabulary education, cultural language education for more useful and practical research, at the this point, we think it should have deep significance.
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