Recently in our society, the number of international marriage between Korean men and foreign women has increases and their divorce rate has also rapidly increased. This tendency in the divorce rate of the immigrant women would constitute a sufficient ...
Recently in our society, the number of international marriage between Korean men and foreign women has increases and their divorce rate has also rapidly increased. This tendency in the divorce rate of the immigrant women would constitute a sufficient condition for causing other serious social problems. This study aims to examine major factors leading to their divorce decisions and to suggest some intervention measures that can help prevent this phenomenon and those problems that follow.
For this research, I used the data collected by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2005 as a part of systematic analysis of international marriage phenomenon between Korean men and foreign women which began to attract our attention nationwide at that time. 756 internationally married women out of a total of 945 respondents were analyzed excluding 189 with inappropriate responses. For empirical analyses, Chi-square test and logistic regressions were carried out, using SPSS14. To find out the determining factors of divorce intention of the immigrant women, variables are examined including their socio-economic, conjugal relationship, characteristics related to the international marriage, and participation in social organizations and social support.
First, among the socio-economic are such variables as age, education, cohabitation with the children, cohabitation with the parent(s)-in-law, and areas of residence(rural or urban). The empirical results turned out that those variables do not have any effect on the divorce intention of the immigrant women. This outcome is quite contrary to the tendency of previous research on Korean wives that generally demonstrated significant impacts of those individual characteristics mentioned. Second, among the variables of conjugal relationship, the degree of couple satisfaction, the seriousness of violence and quarrels between the couple appear to affect the divorce decision. Third, as variables indicating the characteristics of international marriage, home country, Korean language ability, the length of marriage, and the reason for marriage were put into logistic regression models. The country they came from didn't affect their divorce intention significantly while some of the communication elements (Korean language ability) were statistically significant: the better their speaking ability is, the higher was their divorce intention whereas the better their writing skills are, the lower the divorce intention. For the length of marriage, it appears that the longer it was, the more their divorce intention. As for the reason for marriage, answers other than love upon their husbands contributed positively to their divorce intention. Fourth, when the effects are examined of the particiaption in social organization and social support networks, it turns out that the social participation increased their divorce intention while the presence of Koreans in the social organization decreased the intention. As for the effects of the social support, the result shows that the higher instrumental support(request for caring for their children or house) was, the lower the divorce intention, while the higher material support(necessities and homekeeping tools) was, the higher their divorce intention.
The implications of the above research result are as follows:
First, this study has a meaning that it empirically verified the determining factors for the divorce intention of the migrant women in international marriage. Furthermore, this study can be seen as a significant contribution to the discussion of divorce phenomenon of the immigrant women by showing that social support affected their divorce intention at least partially.
Second, as practical implications, proving that couple satisfaction or violence affects greatly the decision-making of divorce by the migrant women in international marriage, this research demonstrates it necessary to introduce more specialized programs for enhancing conflict resolution techniques to strengthen conjugal relationship. In addition, the findings that some of Korean language capacity variables(speaking vs writing) social participation variables (the participation in social organizations vs the presence of Koreans in them) social support variables (instrumental support vs material support) show contradictory effects upon the divorce intentions suggest that social work practitioners intervene language skills and social support networks in a very cautious way.
Third, as implications for policy, this study shows that a legal complementary measures are necessary to make up for the institutional weakness confronting the migrant women when they try divorce before obtaining citizenship. Without citizenship, these women are exposed to various social risks like expulsion. For human rights protection of the migrant women in international marriage, systematic introduction and improvement of devices to protect these women are required.
The limitations of this study are as follows: First, because it used a secondary data source collected through a survey of other researchers, there may well be an occasion that variables employed are of limited use in fully testing some of the research hypotheses. Second, it may not be appropriate to take conclusions of this research without precautions, because a great deal of governmental and community support has been provided for the immigrant women of international marriage since the end of the survey (Summer, 2005).
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