This study aimed at examining the overall sleep features of elementary school children according to their grade, district, gender, mother's education level and average income, and comparing the sleep features of normal children and obese children.
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This study aimed at examining the overall sleep features of elementary school children according to their grade, district, gender, mother's education level and average income, and comparing the sleep features of normal children and obese children.
The subjects of this study included a total of 662 children (boys: 309, girls: 353), and 346 of them were chosen from elementary schools randomly selected in Seoul and 316 from elementary schools in P City. The instrument used here to measure the sleep behavior of the elementary school students was a Korean version questionnaire of The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) developed by Owens, Spirito and McGuinn (2000).
In order to analyze the collected data, a technical statistic was calculated regarding each variable. According to research question, t-test and t-test analysis were conducted.
The results of the study were as follows.
First, an analysis of the data of the 662 children showed that the elementary school children's average bedtime, wake time and sleep latency turned out to be 22:22(p.m.), 7:24(a.m.) and 8.81(h) respectively. The overall average score for their sleep behavior was 44.57, and the average scores for the sub-factors of sleep behavior were as follows: 1) bedtime resistance: 8.78, 2) sleep onset delay: 1.21, 3) sleep duration: 3.91, 4) sleep anxiety: 5.72, 5) night wakings: 3.45, 6) Parasomnias: 8.27, 7) sleep disordered breathing: 3.30, 8) daytime sleepiness: 12.92.
Second, the elementary school children showed no significant differences in bedtime, wake time or sleep latency according to gender. In the sub-factors of sleep behavior, however, girls displayed more bedtime resistance than boys. Boys, on the other hand, showed significantly serious sleep disordered breathing than girls.
Third, the elementary school children showed significant differences in bedtime, wake time and sleep latency according to their grade. That is, as the children's grade was higher, they tended to go to bed later, wake up earlier and had shorter sleep latency. In addition, as for the sub-factors of sleep behavior, the children had longer sleep duration as their grade was higher. On the other hand, they had less sleep anxiety as they were in higher grade.
Fourth, the elementary school children displayed significant differences in bedtime, wake time and sleep latency according to the district where they lived. Children living in P City went to bed 0.48(h) earlier and woke up 0.01(h) earlier than children living in Seoul. In addition, the average sleep latency of children living in P City was 9.03 hour, higher than the figure of children living in Seoul which stood at 8.6 hour. In the meantime, as for daytime sleepiness, one of the sub-factors of sleep behavior, children living in Seoul had more daytime sleepiness than those living in P City.
Fifth, as for the elementary school children's sleep features according to the mother's education level, children had later bedtime as their parents had higher education level. As for the sub-factors of sleep behavior, children displayed significant differences in the overall score of sleep behavior, including bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, night wakings and sleep disordered breathing, as their parents' education level was lower.
Sixth, with regard to the elementary school children' sleep behavior according to the mother's average income, children had later bedtime as their parents' average income was higher, and had shorter sleep latency as their parents had lower average income. In addition, as for the sub-factors of sleep behavior, the children turned out to have more parasomnias as their parents' average income was lower.
Seventh, the sleep features of 109 obese children and 450 normal children were compared. According to the results, the two groups showed no significant differences in bedtime, wake time and sleep latency. However, as for the sub-factors of sleep behavior that represented sleep related problems, the obese children accessed in the study displayed more sleep problematic behaviors of sleeping in other people's bed and snoring, one of the sub-factor of sleep disordered breathing, compared with their normal counterparts.
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