The number of immigrant workers in Korea has increased sharply since 2000, and reached up to 528,812 in 2008. This accounts for 45.6% of total foreign habitants(1,158,866 persons in 2008), indicating that both the absolute number and its portion have ...
The number of immigrant workers in Korea has increased sharply since 2000, and reached up to 528,812 in 2008. This accounts for 45.6% of total foreign habitants(1,158,866 persons in 2008), indicating that both the absolute number and its portion have been increasing. Reasons for the increment of immigrant workers are expansion of employment opportunity, improvement of economic level, and the lack of work force caused by the phenomenon of evading 3D job due to overeducation. Those phenomenons are driving forces of continuous increment of the number of immigrant workers. It is worthwhile to pay attention to the increment of the number of immigrant workers because the increment of them has also effects on the workplaces in which they work and a regional communities in which they reside. Recent discussions about immigrant workers have been mainly focused on the aspects such as immigrant course and adaptation and characteristics in workplace and regional community. Those discussions, however, have been biased to national level or specific regions and thus studies on characteristics at local level in which they actually reside have been limited, it can be argued that and hence we need to investigate characteristics and adaptation of each region by comparing immigrant worker's regional units classified by sizes of cities.
The purpose of this study, therefore is to compare characteristics and accommodation of immigrant workers in three of different size of cities, that is, large city, suburban city of large city, local small-medium city, which are represented by Dalseo-gu in city of Daegu, city of Gyeongsan, and city of Gumi. This study first investigated how the infiow of immigrant workers has been changed by policies and what factors of absorption and discharge have work and then investigated the difference in characteristic and accommodation in workplace and regional community in regions. these investigations are based on the data of current state and questionnaires of Dalseo-gu in city of Daegu, city of Gyeongsan, and city of Gumi. It is expected that the results of this study will contribute to policy making about immigrant workers of each region in future by providing fundamental data.
The findings of this study are as follows: -
First, the respondents about immigrant factors and immigration courses were highly varied by regions. The most strong immigrant factor in their home countries is 'low wage' for immigrant workers in city of Daegu, whereas the 'unstable economic status' for them in city of Gumi, and the 'preference on the abroad employment' for the city of Gyeongsan. The most strong immigrant factor in Korean is the 'opportunities for various job' for immigrant workers in city of Gyeongsan and Gumi, whereas 'geographical proximity and similarity in culture and history between their host country and Korea' for them in city of Gyeongsan. It is also found that most of immigrant workers in city of Dalsu-gu and Gyeongsan were born in rural region and moved to local medium sized city in their home country before moving to Korea, and most of them in city of Gumi were born in big city or local medium sized city and moved to local medium sized city.
Second, It is found that characteristics in workplace in which they work after immigration to Korea were similar between them in city of Dalsu-gu and Gyeongsan, especially in size of company, job in home country, reason for employment, and work hours. There are similarities in the number of immigrant workers in workplace, average wages per month, skill training, and work hours among three regions. It is analyzed that the reasons of low productivity of immigrant workers in their workplace are found to be different in job from that in home country, language problem, and different in work method from that in home country. For immigration channels, the informal one was more preferable for immigrants in the city of Dalsu-gu and Gumi whereas the 'Employment Permission Scheme for Immigrant Workers' was more preferable for the immigration in the city of Gyeongsan. They worked for more hours than Koreans, especially in the city of Gumi, 'work over 300 hours per month' was most frequently responded. Immigrant workers had poorer work condition compared to their Korean companion, however they perceived the work productivity of themselves are higher than of Korean companions.
Third, It is found that there were similarity in life in regional community between workers in the city of Daegu and Gumi, especially in the type of residence site, identity of regional community, and consumption and expense, especially there is no difference in reason selection of residence site and identity in workplace. For the life in regional community, unlikely the expectation that there would be similarity between the workers in the city of Daegu and Kyeongsan due to their geographical proximity, it was found that the similarity was higher between the city of Daegu and Kumi due to their similarity in nationality of workers, indicating that their national characteristic more affects to the life in regional communities.
The recommendations, based on those findings, about the characteristic and adaptation of immigrant workers by each region are as follows. The local autonomous governments have been supported the immigrant workers by announcing publicly the 'regulation on the support for foreigner residents'. Those regulations, however excludes the non-registration(illegal) workers from the inclusion criteria. In addition, the regional characteristic has not been considered when they make regulations, resulting ineffective support due to homogeneous regulations.
The results of this study, however, indicate that the each autonomous governments should make policies related to industrial characteristic because the regional characteristic are inevitably reflected in the workplace in which they work. The racial and national characteristic should be considered because it was found that their racial and national characteristic affects their life in regional community more significantly than the geographical proximity. It is recommended, therefore, that each autonomous governments should make regulations reflecting regional characteristic based on the characteristic of immigrant workers who live in their administrative district.
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