It is known that Korea is the most devoted country that wants to learn Japanese. This is true in a way, since a lot of Koreans are trying to learn Japanese. However among these people, learners who can really use Japanese without being confused with K...
It is known that Korea is the most devoted country that wants to learn Japanese. This is true in a way, since a lot of Koreans are trying to learn Japanese. However among these people, learners who can really use Japanese without being confused with Korean grammars are quite low. The most difficult part of Japanese is the use of intransitive verb and transitive verb. This study surveyed Korean people who are studying Japanese about the wrong use of intransitive verb and transitive verb in Japanese, and tried to found out the cause of this problem, and solutions which can solve this error.
The survey was performed to junior and senior students who were studying in universities majoring a major related to Japanese. The questions consists with <Question type 1> which was about simple confusion in intransitive verbs and transitive verbs, and <Question type 2> which was about errors which happened because of the wrong usage of the verbs(Not by the wrong selection of the verb.). We tried to compare the misuse ratio with Japanese study time, overall Japanese skills, and residential experience in Japan. So we classified the survey applicants by whether the applicant was junior student or senior student, whether they had a Japanese Skill certificate level 1 or 2, and whether they have ever lived in Japan or not.
The results of <Question type 1> showed that simple confusions between intransitive verbs and transitive verbs happened 26% of the times of the total. The junior students showed 30.4% of misuse ratio which is larger than senior students which were 20.1%. Also students with Japanese Skill certificate level 1 and 2 showed 17.8% and 32.6% of misuse ratio, and students who have been to Japan and who have not showed 17.8% 30.4% of misuse ratio each. Through these results we found out that people who were junior students, gained Japanese Skill certificate level 2, and have never visited Japan were more frequently misusing the right verbs. In other words this means if a student have studied longer in Japanese, has a better skill in Japanese, and have been to Japan, they will be more skillful in using the right intransitive verbs and transitive verbs.
<Question type 2> was about making up a sentence using intransitive verb about a given situation. This was to find out the ratio of using transitive verbs and intransitive verbs. The results were showing that people used transitive verbs rather than intransitive verbs in an average of 42.5% of the time. To be more precise with the result, junior student and senior student showed a ratio of 44.8% and 39.4% each, students with Japanese skill certificate level 1 and 2 showed 39.0% and 45.8% each, students who have ever lived in Japan and students who have not showed 36.1% and 45.4% each. Through these results we can see junior students, students with Japanese skill certificate level 2, students who have never lived in Japan used more transitive verbs than others. However these results are not significant than the results of <question type 1>. Also we can see people tend to use transitive verbs rather than intransitive words. Especially a lot of students answered in a 'I can ~' sentence phrase to the questions asking about denial expressions. Through this we can learn that a lot of Koreans were having trouble in using simple denial expressions of intransitive verbs.
Through more studying time in Japanese, rise in skill, and experience in a Japanese culture improvements in simple confusion about words were shown. However a tendency in using transitive verbs more than intransitive verbs were not much fixed. This tendency is thought to be a influence of the view point and focusing point of the students' mother's tongue. In other words the tendency of using transitive verbs or intransitive verbs was influenced by if the student tend to focus on the actor, or the target.
Intransitive verbs are actions or effects that happen to oneself and no other target, and used to express natural symptoms like 'Something has naturally become that' 'Something naturally become that'. Japanese are usually used in a viewers point, not exposing the actor but showing that it has naturally happened. To make this happen intransitive verbs are mainly used. However in Korean people try to show who the actor is, to express the situation as 'Someone did something to that subject'. So people tend to use transitive verbs rather than intransitive verbs.
Japan has a group-centered, listener-centered culture which doesn't like exposure and likes to stand in a passive position. Even if a situation where someone is deciding something they express it as that thing has happened naturally and he has accepted the natural happening. So the tendency of using intransitive verbs more than transitive verbs is a Japanese language culture effected by Japanese culture itself. There is no grammar errors or difference in the meaning of the sentence even if you use transitive verbs rather than intransitive verbs. However, language expression has more function than just simple data transfers. To make a proper communication to happen the speaker and listener should understand the each one's intention. Even if a person has a fantastic Japanese skill if they preferred to use transitive verbs rather than intransitive verbs, the listener will probably feel some pressure and inconvenience.
So for Korean Japanese learners, the education of transitive verb and intransitive verbs should be more focused on sentence using intransitive verbs to help the student understand the Japanese culture and way of thinking. This would help them absorb the natural sentence structure.
This study focused on the expression error that happen in using intransitive verbs and transitive verbs. However if we research more deeply in <Question type 1> which is about vocabulary confusion it would help a lot in reducing the mistakes.
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