This study compares the modal verb phrases 'is/am/are Ving' and 'have/has Ved' found in a Korean novel 'Na Mok' with their corresponding expressions translated in Chinese edition of the novel and analyzes the rules between the two corresponding phrase...
This study compares the modal verb phrases 'is/am/are Ving' and 'have/has Ved' found in a Korean novel 'Na Mok' with their corresponding expressions translated in Chinese edition of the novel and analyzes the rules between the two corresponding phrases and the causes related to the rules to apply the results to practical translation works for the purpose of improving the correctness of Korean-to-Chinese translation. As a method for this study the modal verb phrases 'am/is/are Ving' and 'have/has Ved,' both of which contain the same inflected word in Chinese, are looked into regarding the forms they assume in Chinese sentence contexts and made into a table statistically representing the number of times they appear and their corresponding forms. Afterward, the statistical content in the table is analyzed in terms of the tendency of corresponding aspects and the cause of the tendency. In translating Korean modal verb phrases into corresponding Chinese language it is a very significant matter to select appropriate verbs or adjectives in Chinese. To begin with, in the ‘am/is/are Ving’ modal verb phrases:
'am/is/are Ving' verb phrases in Korean are used for two purposes, or 'present progressive' and 'present state.' From the perspective of grammatical functions, Chinese forms of translation corresponding to the two verb phrases are ‘在, 正 and 正在,’ which are adverbs, and ‘着’ which is a postpositional word of time and manner. Also, there is ‘呢’ which is frequently used to represent 'present progressive tense' in conversations. In many cases the modal verb phrases ‘am/is/are Ving’ are not represented with their corresponding Chinese forms. That is because those forms are restricted in their use in Chinese in contrast with Korean modal verbs. The basic criteria to determine exact corresponding forms are the verbs in Chinese language. Based on the results of this study, the adverbs ‘在, 正 and 正在’ or the postpositional word of time and manner ‘着’ are not to be used in ‘使’, ‘让’ and ‘叫’ representing non-intentional motion verbs, non-continual motion verbs, relational verbs and causative verbs. As a consequence, when Korean inflected words are translated into some non-intentional motion verbs, non-continuous motion verbs, relational verbs or causative verbs, the Korean modal verb phrase ‘am/is/are Ving’ should be dealt with using 'non-corresponding forms' in Chinese. Even though there are some cases where the uses of adverbs ‘在, 正 and 正在’ or postpositional word of time and manner ‘着’ are not restricted in complements, continual motion verbs, state verbs and negative sentences, ‘着’ need also be dealt with using 'non-corresponding forms,' in many cases, as it is mainly used for descriptions. Considering the contextual situation of sentences to be translated, no corresponding words or forms can be taken if the roles or meanings of the modal verb phrases ‘am/is/are Ving’ in Korean are possibly conveyed without using such corresponding modal verbs in Chinese. To the contrary, if it is necessary to stress the 'present progressive,' or the 'state' manner in the modal verb phrase ‘am/is/are Ving,’ or if it is impossible to convey the aspect of tense of the expression, some liberal translation is a must. Liberal translation can be used in two manners. One is to change the main inflected Korean word part into the corresponding Chinese verbs or adjectives, which should be changed again into verbs that could be used with adverbs ‘在, 正, 正在’ or the postpositional word of time and manner ‘着’ and, then, depending on what original Korean sentences represent, i.e ‘present progressive’ or some ‘state,’ add the adverbs ‘在, 正 and 正在’ or the postpositional word of time and manner ‘着’ to the end. The other alternative is to use the applicable forms of liberal translation other than the corresponding grammatical functions of the modal verb phrases 'am/is/are Ving.'‘ That is to say, consequential complements ‘在’, ‘在……(之中)’, and ‘住’; directional complements ‘上’, ‘下来’, ‘下去’ and ‘起来’; postpositional suffix ‘了’; verb reiteration; verb ‘开始’; and adverbs ‘一直’, ‘于……中’ could be adopted and adjusted to match the original contextual meaning with appropriate corresponding forms.
Translation of the modal verb phrases ‘have/has Ved’ into their corresponding Chinese phrases has something in common with the case of ‘am/is/are Ving.’ That is because both modal verb phrases have the same corresponding grammatical function in Chinese. In other words, in Chinese the postpositional word of time and manner ‘着’ represents 'state.' In the modal verb phrases ‘have/has Ved,’ the postpositional word of manner and time ‘着’, consequential complement ‘在’ and ‘在……(之中)’, consequential complement ‘住’ and no corresponding words are applied in the same way as in the case of ‘am/is/are Ving.’ Liberal translation is found to be used more frequently in ‘has/have Ved’ phrases than ‘am/is/are Ving’ ones. When the consequential complement ‘在’ is used as the corresponding forms of ‘am/is/are Ving’ modal verb phrase, a Chinese word of place as a consequential complement should accompany them, while in ‘have/has Ved’ modal verb phrases even though there is no word of place in original Korean sentence, the word of place should be added to ‘在’, making a corresponding match, for instance. The ‘applicable forms of liberal translation’ are possibly used to deal with the context where any appropriate corresponding words or forms are not available and when it is hard to comprehensively cope with the contextual meanings as in the ‘have/has Ved’ and ‘am/is/are Ving’ phrases. As the modal verb phrases ‘have/has Ved’ have additional roles depending on the context they are placed in, it is possible to deal with the context, which has no integrated corresponding forms or words that can be applicable through liberal translation, by selecting appropriate vocabularies for the context if those vocabularies convey the full meanings and additional contextual roles that are completely and possibly understood.
，韩语论文 |
