This study is about the classification of meaning function of Japanese compound verb 「～komu」 and its correlation with Korean in respect of its terms and meanings.
The subject of analysis is 「～komu」 that has many parts in lexical compound ...
This study is about the classification of meaning function of Japanese compound verb 「～komu」 and its correlation with Korean in respect of its terms and meanings.
The subject of analysis is 「～komu」 that has many parts in lexical compound verbs. I analyzed the usage of meaning of 「～komu」 among the samples in Japanese literary works.
And I analyzed the meaning usage of compound verb 「～komu」 and found three types.
① In meaning usage of 「internal movement」, preceding verb means the action and aspect of the movements, but consequent verb 「～komu」 adds the internal movement and emphasizes the arrival point with a case postpositional word 「ni」. But in case that there is a case postpositional word 「ni」 the movement is sometimes included. Also, 「～komu」 can have abstract meaning in the compound verbs such as 「Korogarikomu, Makikomu, Hikizurikomu, Otsikomu」.
② 「deepening」 means immersing into condition or action of preceding verb unlike the meaning usage of internal movement, it emphasizes single very without 「ni」 and it has 「is so fully ～」 and 「is deeply, enough, thoroughly～」. In case of conscious verb, it has negative meaning, 「decide by oneself」 with consequent verb 「～komu」 in case that subject immerses into the condition of preceding verb. I can find that man has a clear aim, respects consciously and has a good result.
③ 「perfectly combined word」 is kind of a 「single word」 when it is combined as a compound verb because the meaning of the compound word can not be separated by preceding part and consequent part of a word. So, I used 「perfectly combined word」 in this study to express a special idiom which is not used in usual sentences.
When watching the meaning usage of consequent verb 「～komu」, it has both the meaning usage and deep meaning with the internal movement. Therefore, it should be grasping through the sentence context.
In terms of correlation with Korean
① In case of 「internal movement」, when the consequent verb 「～ komu」 means 「～Ireru/Hairu」, like Korean consequent verbs 「～put into, let in, pour into, stick to, drive in, go into, come into」, it has meaning function in common and it is correlational form like preceding verb 「Tsumikomu load」 and the single verb form of the consequent verb 「～komu」 meaning 「Hairikomu/go into/come into」, and the consequent verb 「～komu」 is correlated like Korean compound verb 「Norikomu/jump on」, the form of adjective, the form of sentence, and the form of Chinese character.
② In case of 「deepening」, single verb form like 「Tanomikomu/ask」, another compound verb form like 「Taorekomu/go over」, 「modifier / single verb」 form like 「Kangaekomu/think over」, 「prefix / single verb」 form like 「Osaekomu/hold down」, and a sentence form like 「Tsukaikomu/use something over years」.
③ In case of 「perfectly combined word」, adjective form like 「Otsikomu /gloomy」, idion form like 「Tatakikomu/keep ～in mind」, Chinese character form like 「Mousokomu/demand」, and a sentence form like 「Tsukekomu/use a blind point」. Like these examples, the forms of the compound verbs in Japanese express proper meanings without using Chinese characters. However, in case of translating Japanese into Korean, some Chinese characters are needed in a few contexts and for special usages.
There have been a lot of studies including Himeno(1999) on the meaning functions of the compound verb, 「～komu」, and they classified in two; 「internal movement」 and 「progress of degree」, and studied on the movement area by preceding verbs. However, on this study, I discussed not about movement area, but focused on the meaning of consequent verb, 「～komu」 and classified the usages of meaning; 「internal movement」, 「deepening」, 「perfectly combined word」. There were much more case only the meaning of preceding, consequent verbs are correlated to single verbs than correlated to compound verbs when Japanese words are translated into Korean words. It means there is a limitation when translating Japanese compound verbs into Koreans. Especially, in the usages of 「perfectly combined word」, the compound verb 「～komu」 in Korean has much more cases to correlate with Chinese, and it is the most difference between Korean and Japanese.
As review above, the meaning in another context can be different even the compound verbs are the same, it is very difficult to know the exact meaning of consequent verb 「～komu」. So, it is the most important to understand the meaning of consequent verb 「～komu」when we translate Japanese into Korean.
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