One of the reasons why Japanese learners in Korea often fail to learn Japanese is because of hasty generalization which Japanese is very similar to Korean. Due to this, upper intermediate and advanced learners meet difficulties to speak the language f...
One of the reasons why Japanese learners in Korea often fail to learn Japanese is because of hasty generalization which Japanese is very similar to Korean. Due to this, upper intermediate and advanced learners meet difficulties to speak the language fluently. Nowadays, cultural linguistics that explains difficult grammar is highlighted to encourage learners' interests in Japanese and yield long-term learning. On this , I supposed that Korean and Japanese are different types of a language and tried to clarify the differences which can be explained culturally.
First of all, I put case that Korean has anactive voice, but Japanese has a passive one. It is because Japanese learners have fairly different points of view from Korean when they learn a passive voice of Japanese. The difference between two languages can be proved by three factors suggested by Jeunghwan An (1999) the difference of a passive voice productivity, a syntacticrestriction of a passive voice and stability of a passive voice. Japanese is very productive compared to Korean because intransitive verbs in Korean cannot make a passive voice, but Japanese can. Moreover, in Japanese it must be a passive sentence if that includes words such as -れる, -られる, but not always can Korean sentence be a passive one even if it includes ‘-이/히/리/기-’나 ‘(-어)지-’or ‘-되다’ that shows a passive voice. Finally, I can compare passive stability of two languages. In Japanese, a proper verb and a Chinese character verb regularly change to -(ら)れる and to される each. However, in Korean, passive of an accusative noun, passive of a dative verb and passive of a genitive case change very irregularly.
There is a contrary type of cultural background between Korean and Japanese. Korea is a racially homogeneous nation so that it emphasizes purity and legitimacy on its culture. By this nature, it can be assumed that Korean didn't tend to be changed to passive sentences. Also, 70% of the Korean has Northern Asian bloodline that considered being active. The feature contributed to build the Korean's language habits active and constructive. On the other hand, Japan has created its own unique culture referred to as a harmonious culture under an emperor. It had to emphasize a harmony in the case that there was a war because there was no retreat geopolitically. This character reflects its passive language habits. This passive and active types of culture can be also explained by “文” and “武”. Furthermore, An(2000) classified these concepts as concrete Korea culture and abstract Japan culture respectively. Concreteness is referred to as it is and includes an archetype and integration. However, abstraction contrary to concreteness indicates dualism, an archetype and transformational coexistence. In short, Korean has ambiguity between a passive voice and active one, but Japanese is likely to be free from this under those concepts. Followings are examples for these. First, there is a natural garden in Korea and an artificial one in Japan. Second, instruments for folks music with no gap between audience and players and "Kabuki" that has the gap. Finally, grouping for a Koreanculture and Japanese one that is divided into "soto" and "uchi".
It can be hasty decision to connect syntactic differences of languages to cultures. However, it is true that learning cultural background knowledge of language must help learners have a better communication. However, it is not that easy for learners to understand the position of Japanese due to colony of Japan. Therefore, long-term learning Japanese can be done to accept Japanese as a second languages and it can provide scaffolds for learning.
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