| 本文运用句法律、语义学、语用学和认知说话学的实际和办法论对汉语差比句做了比拟周全、体系的研究。注释共四章。第一章评论辩论比字句中两个最根本的概念要素(比拟项和结论项)的句法表示和语义行动，侧重考核了比字句两个比拟项的对称与纰谬称散布所带来的各类句法构造情势，另外，本章还比拟详实地剖析了却论项的句法表示和语义限制。第二章重点评论辩论比字句的比拟方面和比拟类型。比字句的比拟方面重要有性状比拟、举措措施比拟、数目比拟等三品种型。比字句既可以表现纯真比拟，也能够表现比方、比较。另外一方面，比字句表现比拟时也非纯真表现差比，在某种格局里它也能够表现极比。另外，本章还具体论证了“X比Y更Z”和“X比Y还Z”是两种功效分歧的差比格局。第三章从句法、语义和语用等角度对“没有”句和“不比”句这两种差比句的否认情势做了比拟周全的考核和剖析，侧重论证了这两种否认情势语用功效的差别。第四章，从比较说话学的角度对韩语和汉语的差比句停止比较剖析，进一步提醒出汉语差比句的句法语义属性。本文的研究办法重要是描述与说明相联合、共时与用时相联合和汉韩比较研究。本文的重要结论以下：(ⅰ)比字句具有四个概念要素，即比拟项(包含比拟主体和比拟客体)、结论项、比拟标志和比拟点。个中比拟点是比字句的非必有成份，在现实话语里常可以零情势涌现。另外一方面，基于分歧的话语战略，比拟点在比字句里可以有分歧的句法散布。(ⅱ)比字句的两个比拟项在情势上可以对称，也能够纰谬称。其对称与纰谬称的表示常常跟省略、隐含和移位等句法。语义操作亲密相干。(ⅲ)比字句的结论项有特定的语义请求，只要自己能显示“水平或量度变更”特点的成份才可以进入其地位。是以，绝对性质描述词是比字句结论项的首选成份。另外，其他谓词性成份由于能显示水平差别或量度变更，也经常用于比字句结论项。(iv)“比”字构造(“比/比拟客体”)平日只充任状语，这在很年夜水平上是一种汗青演化的产品。(v)“X比Y更Z”和“X比Y还Z’，是两种功效分歧的格局。“X比Y更Z’，只是客不雅地陈说一个差比命题，不带有措辞人对这个命题的意见或立场。而“X比Y还Z”是一个反预期句式，它在表达一个差比命题的同时还注解了措辞人对这个命题的意见或立场。换言之，韩语论文范文，“X比Y更Z”限于客不雅的陈说，是一种客不雅性句式；“X比Y还Z”重在客观的亮相，是一种客观性句式。另外一方面，比字句中“更”与“还”的性质和功效也不雷同。“X比Y更Z”中的“更”是一个命题成份，它的感化是为地点的命题添加水平信息，在句法上“更”属于水平副词；“还”不是命题成份，它的涌现与否其实不作用一个差比命题的真值前提，韩语论文题目，“还”的感化是表达措辞人对“X比YZ”这个命题的意见、立场或崇奉，它是一个标志反预期信息的语用标志(反预期标志)，是以“还”的语法属性并不是水平副词，而是语气副词。(vi)差比句的否认表达式有“没有”句和“不比”句两种情势。这两种否认句对充任结论项的描述词有分歧的语义限制。“没有”句的结论项平日只要正面词才可以进入，负面词进入结论项须要有特别语境。与之相反，“不比”句的结论项则偏心负面词，正面词用于“不比”句结论项的文本频率反而极低。这类纰谬称景象导源于这两种句式一话语功效的差别。(V五)“没有”句与“不比”句的语用功效很不雷同。“没有”句只是客不雅地陈说一个否认性的差比命题，自己不带有措辞人对这个命题的意见或立场，是以它是一种无标志的客不雅性的否认句。与之相反，“不比”句是一种反预期句式，它在陈说一个否认性差比命题的同时还带有措辞人对这个命题的意见或立场，是以它是一种有标志的客观性的否认句。正由于如斯，“没有”句可以用往返答一个长短问句，而“不比”句不克不及。(诚)汉语和韩语的差比句存在诸多类型差别，个中最重要的异同是(a)比拟标志的语法属性分歧，汉语的比字句运用的语法标志是介词“比”，韩语则用助词“一旦件(一一boda)”来组成差比句。(b)汉语的比字句只要主语或话题才可以停止比拟，直接宾语不克不及用作比拟项而韩语的差比句没有这类限制。(。)汉语差比句中否认词“不”的地位和否认规模与韩语分歧。 Abstract: The application of syntax, semantics, pragmatics and cognitive talk science theories and methods on on Chinese comparative sentences in the relatively comprehensive and systematic study. Note a total of four chapters. The first chapter reviews the debate than words in the two most basic elements of the concept (comparison and conclusion items) syntactic representation and semantic actions, focusing on assessment than words two analogy symmetry and PI perverted said dispersion caused by all kinds of syntactic structure situation. In addition, this chapter also relatively detailed field analysis of prescription on the syntactic representation and semantic constraints. The second chapter focuses on the comparison of the comparative aspects and the types of the debate. More important than words with characters of analogy, personification, analogy method measures the number of three types. Compared to the words can not only show the purity of the comparison, but also to show for example, comparison. On the other hand, it was more than the words of pure performance contrast, in a pattern it can also show pole ratio. In addition, this chapter also discusses the "X Z" and "X Y Y Z" is the two function of different contrast pattern. In the third chapter, from the perspectives of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, to the "no" sentence and "than" sentence the two comparative sentences denied situation the comparative analysis and comprehensive assessment, emphasizes on the the two denied situation the pragmatic functions of the difference. The fourth chapter, from the angle is learning to speak of Korean and Chinese comparative sentences stop analysis further remind the syntactic and semantic properties of Chinese comparative sentences. The main research methods of this paper are to describe and illustrate the comparison between the joint and the Korean and Chinese. The important conclusion of this paper is the following: (I) than words with four elements of the concept, that match item (including compared to subject and object match), conclusion, match marks and match point. The comparison point is the non essential component of the sentence, in the reality of the words can often be zero. On the other hand, based on the differences of discourse strategies, the comparison points in the sentence can be divided into different syntactic spread. (II) than words two match in the situation can be symmetrical, can also be called wrong. The symmetry and wrong call said often with ellipsis, implicit and syntactic shift. Semantic manipulation of intimacy. (III) than the words of the conclusion item has specific semantic request, as long as you can display the level or measure to change the characteristics of the components before they can enter the position. It is the first choice of the conclusion that the word is the absolute character of the sentence. In addition, other predicate components can also be used for the conclusion item of the sentence, because it can display the level difference or the measure change. (IV) "than" word structure ("/ than the comparison object) weekdays only act as adverbial modifier, which on the very big level is a kind of historical evolution of the products. (V) "X is more Y than Z" and "X is also Z than Y", is the pattern of the two kinds of efficacy differences. "X Z" is more than Y, but objectively present a comparative proposition, with no opinion or position on the wording of this proposition. And "x over y also Z" is a counter expectation sentence, it express a proposition of contrast at the same time also notes the wording of this proposition opinion or position. In other words, the "x over y more Z" limited, "said Chen, objectively, is a kind of objectivity sentences;" x over y also Z "focused on the objective of appearance, the objectivity of a sentence. On the other hand, compared with the word "more" and "also" the nature and efficacy are not identical. "X than y more Z", "more" is a proposition composition, its role is to place the proposition added information level, in syntax "more" belongs to the level adverb; "also" is not a proposition composition, its emergence or not, in fact, does not affect the a comparative proposition the truth value of the premise, "also" effect is expression wording of "x than YZ the proposition" opinions, positions or belief, it is a sign of anti pragmatic information about expected signs (against the anticipated sign), is to "also" grammatical attribute is not level adverb, but modal adverbs. (VI) denied expression of comparative sentences "no" sentence and sentence "than" two kinds of situation. The two sentence of denying semantic restrictions on the description of the conclusion item as there are differences. The conclusion of the "no" sentence is as long as the positive words can enter. The negative words need to have special context to enter the conclusion. In contrast, the conclusion of the "no - than" sentence is eccentric negative words, positive words for the "no - than" sentence conclusion of the text frequency is very low. This kind of absurd scene that originates from the two sentence of a discourse function difference. (V five) the pragmatic functions of "no" and "no more than" sentences are very different. "No" sentence is objectively shew a deny comparative thesis and themselves with the wording of this proposition opinion or position, is to it is a no marks of the objectivity of negative sentences. And instead, "than" sentence is a counter expectation sentence, it in Chen said a deny comparative proposition with wording of this proposition opinion or position is so it is a kind of a symbol of the objectivity of the negative sentences. Because of this, "no" words can be used to answer a short question, but "than" words cannot. (Prudential) Comparative Sentences in Chinese and Korean have many different types, one of the most important differences are (a) compared to mark grammatical attribute differences, the Chinese than 目录: |
