The purpose of this is to compare and investigate the relationship between the two similar expressions of Korean and Japanese, "hada" and "suru," both meaning "do" in English, mainly dealing the cases when they are preceded by a noun that consis...
The purpose of this is to compare and investigate the relationship between the two similar expressions of Korean and Japanese, "hada" and "suru," both meaning "do" in English, mainly dealing the cases when they are preceded by a noun that consists of two Chinese character words. Because they share the same etymological origin, Korean and Japanese have some similarities: they have the same grammatical word order and both have honorific expressions. Another example is the similarity between "hada" and "suru," which both mean "to do" and share a similar usage, and because of their similarity, they are recognized as a relatively easy verbs when Korean people learn Japanese language, or when Japanese students learn Korean language. Contrary to their outlook, however, their functions are not strictly the same, and the subtle difference between them can sometimes cause a huge difficulty in both Japanese and Korean students who are learning the other's language as a foreign language. My goal in this , therefore, is to distinguish the subtle differences between these two expressions clearly, by examining them in two aspects: their parts of speech and their grammatical functions.
In the first chapter, I dealt with the functions and meaning of Korean “hada”, Japanese “suru” and Korean “tøda”. Korean “hada” hardly functions as a substitute verb compared to the Japanese “suru”.
In the second chapter, I discussed the similarity between Korean “hada” and Japanese “suru” from the point of view of parts of speech. Korean “hada” can constitute adjective when it unites with Chinese character words but Japanese “suru” can’t constitute an adjective. When Korean “hada” expresses an adjective, it corresponds to the Japanese adjectival noun “da”. But there are Chinese character words that are regarded as verb in Korean when joined with “hada”, but they are regarded as adjectival noun and adjective in Japanese.
In the third chapter, I discussed the similarity between “Chinese character word/hada”, “Chinese character word/tøda”, “Chinese character word/suru” and “Chinese character word/sareru”. I divided the verbs into an intransitive verb, a transitive verb and an ambitransitive verb, and examined them.
In case of an intransitive verb, there are Chinese character words that can only precede “hada”, both “hada” and “tøda” and only precede “tøda”. In case of Chinese character words preceding both “hada” and “tøda”, they correspond to “suru”, and a part of them to “shiteiru”.
In case of a transitive verb, though “hada” corresponds to “suru” and “tøda” corresponds to “sareru”, when a transitive verb “Chinese character word/hada” corresponding to an intransitive verb “Chinese character word/suru”, “hada” corresponds to “saseru”. “saseru” is causative verb in Japanese but it has a function that can change an intransitive verb to a transitive verb.
In case of an ambitransitive verb, the function of “hada” corresponds to that of “suru” and the function of “tøda” corresponds to that of “sareru”. But a part of “tøda” corresponds to both “suru” and “sareru”.
In the fourth chapter, I examined the relationship between “-hago itta”, “-tøeo itta” and “-shiteiru”, “-shitearu”. In case of a transitive verb, “-shiteiru” corresponds to “-hago itta” while “-shitearu” corresponds to “-tøeo itta”.
In the last chapter, I examined Chinese character words that can precede “hada” or “suru”. As a result, in case of Chinese character words that express movement, most subjects of the sentences have animacy. Therefore most of them could precede “hada”. On the other hand, in case of Chinese character words that express abstraction, most of them don’t have subjects that have animacy and they are used in an intransitive verb sentence structure or an ambitransitive verb sentence structure and are passive or mutual in nature.
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