“比”字句在汉语程度品级尺度与语法品级年夜纲中被列为甲级语法年夜纲,是中亚留先生进修汉语特别句式的一个重点,也是一个难点。“比”字句及其变体情势庞杂多样,吕文华从情势和语义方面把“比”字句划分为十个品级,陈珺、周小兵将“比”字句分为十二种句式,这不管对中亚留先生的学照样对对外汉语先生的教,都是一件使人头痛的事。本文在搜集的语料基本上考核了中亚留先生汉语“比”字句的习得情形,经由过程对语料归类、剖析,我们发明中亚留先生在进修进程中涌现了光怪陆离的毛病,这些毛病重点不在说话格局上,而是表示在“比”字句中水平副词的误用、比拟项和成果项等方面的偏误。本文对这些偏误停止了剖析并作出说明,成果发明,中亚留先生进修汉语“比”字句与英语、日语、韩语等配景的先生比拟,既表现出个性,又显示出特性。在此基本上,本文提出了“比”字句教授教养应保持的五个准绳第一,保持构造、语义、语用相联合;第二,看重“比”字句情势和意义相搭配的语义认知说明;第三,保持按部就班,螺旋上升的教授教养准绳;第四,保持针对进修者的偏误停止教授教养;第五,保持理性化教授教养和图示化教授教养。同时本文对“比”字句确定式和否认式的教室教授教养分离提出了一些假想,愿望对“比”字句的学与教有所赞助。 Abstract: "Than" words in "Chinese grade scale and grade of the eve of the grammar outline is listed as grade a grammar of the eve of the gang, Central Asia remain a focus of students studying the Chinese special sentence patterns, but also a difficult problem. "Than" variant words and the situation is complex, Wen Hua Lu from the situation and semantic "than" sentence into ten grades, Chen Jun, zhouxiaobing will "than" sentence is divided into 12 kinds of sentence, this matter of Central Asia leaving Mr. still of Chinese as a foreign language, teaching are a thing that makes a person headache. Based on the data collected from the basic assessment in the Central Asia, leaving Mr. Chinese "than" acquisition of words, through the process of data classification, analysis. We find that Central Asian students studying in the learning process in the emergence of a strange problem, the focus of these problems not in talking pattern, but said in "than" sentence level adverb misuse, analogy and achievements such as the bias. In this paper, these errors are analyzed and explained, inventions, Central Asia to stay Mr. learning Chinese "than" sentence and English, Japanese, Korean and other background of Mr. match showed both personality, but also show a characteristic. On this basis, this paper put forward the "Bi" teaching should keep the five principles first, keep structure, semantic and pragmatic combination; second, value "Bi" situation and significance of the combination of semantic and cognitive explanation; third, step by step, spiral teaching principle; the fourth, keep the learners' errors stop teaching; fifth, keep the rational teaching and graphic teaching. At the same time "than" words to determine the type and deny the type of the classroom teaching of separation proposed some imaginary, the desire to "than" words learning and teaching has sponsored. 目录: 摘要 3-4 Abstract 4 第一章 引言 7-9 一、选题的目的和意义 7-8 二、本文探讨的范围 8-9 三、本文探讨的理论和措施 9 四、语料来源 9 第二章 对于“比”字句的探讨成果概述 9-14 一、对于“比”字句本体的探讨成果 10-12 (一) 对于“比”字句肯定式探讨 10-11 (二) 对于“比”字句否定式探讨 11-12 二、对外汉语中对于“比”字句的探讨成果 12-14 (一) 对于“比”字句偏误略论的探讨 12-13 (二) 对于“比”字句习得顺序的探讨 13 (三) 对于“比”字句切分的探讨 13-14 三、对外汉语教学中对于“比”字句的探讨 14 第三章 中亚留学生汉语“比”字句的习得 14-30 一、“比”字句习得的偏误 14-29 (一) “比”字句中程度副词使用的偏误 14-17 (二) 比较项方面的偏误 17-22 1、 比较客体缺失 18 2、比较项的位置不合适 18-19 3、 比较项句法结构混杂 19-20 4、 用“了”代替“的” 20 5、 比较项的省略不当 20-22 (三) 结果项方面的偏误 22-29 1、 结果项是形容词时出现的偏误 22-23 2、 含有补语的结果项,韩语论文,谓语和补语位置颠倒或数量补语多余 23-24 3、 结果项中成分丢失 24-27 4、 “得多”“早”“晚”“有/Np”的误用 27-28 5、结果项和比较点语义搭配不当 28-29 二、偏误原因略论 29-30 (一) 客观原因 29-30 (二) 主观原因 30 第四章“比”字句教学的准则和措施 30-45 一、“比”字句教学的准则 30-34 (一) 坚持结构、语义、语用相结合的“比”字句教学 31 (二) 注重“比”字句形式和意义相搭配的语义认知解释 31-32 (三) 注重循序渐进,韩语论文,螺旋上升的教学准则 32 (四) 注重针对学习者的语法偏误进行教学 32-33 (五) 坚持感性化教学和图示化教学 33-34 二、“比”字句教学设想 34-45 (一) 肯定式“比”字句的教学 34-39 (二) “比”字句否定式教学措施 39-45 结语 45-47 注释 47-49 参考文献 49-52 在校期间发表的论文情况 52-53 后记 53 |