Onomatopoeias and mimetic words have been better developed in Japanese language than in other languages and their types and usage have been particularly varied. In this regard, it would be natural that those who learn Japanese as foreigners had consid...
Onomatopoeias and mimetic words have been better developed in Japanese language than in other languages and their types and usage have been particularly varied. In this regard, it would be natural that those who learn Japanese as foreigners had considerable difficulties in understanding and using Japanese onomatopoeias and mimetic words. Therefore, this study was aimed to help one have a better understanding of the onomatopoeias and mimetic words of Korean and Japanese languages by comparing and analyzing them especially in terms of eating shown in the two said languages, in which their development has been more prominent than other languages around the world.
The study could figure out the following elements through the onomatopoeias and mimetic words as to eating shown in the cartoon ‘Ramen Hakkenden’ and its Korean translated book.
First, in terms of the Japanese onomatopoeias and mimetic words concerning eating, their total and individual number amounted to 427 and 65, respectively, while speaking of the Korean counterparts, their total and individual number reached 402 and 91, respectively. With regards to the words given in a dictionary among individual words, there were 60 Japanese and 87 Korean words; as a result, it has been noted that the onomatopoeias and mimetic words as to eating had higher rate of being listed in a dictionary than others.
Second, speaking of the features of form, it has been shown that 73.85% of Japanese onomatopoeias and mimetic words were four-beat words. Among the four-beat words, the repetitive pattern (XYXY Type) was the highest in its number by 29 among 65 individual words and it was followed by XtYr Type whose number was 14. Concerning the responding expressions in Korean, the study divided onomatopoeias & mimetic words into non-onomatopoeias & non-mimetic ones. The former was largely made up of repetitive patterns as shown in Japanese and 25 were classified as repetitive ones out of 35 Korean onomatopoeias and mimetic words. In terms of parts of speech of non-onomatopoeias and non-mimetic words, 40.66% were occupied by adjectives, which were the largest portion.
Third, regarding the correspondence relationship between Korean and Japanese languages, it has been demonstrated that the one-to-one correspondence amounted to 12%, the ordinary-idiom correspondence 77%, the explanatory correspondence 5% and the omission 6%. There were quite a lot of cases where some of Japanese onomatopoeias and mimetic words were left out or mistranslated due to the difficulty in finding the corresponding Korean words.
Fourth, the study categorized the onomatopoeias and mimetic words concerning eating as a sense of taste and of eating. In case of Japanese, the expression of taste was 10%, that of a sense of eating was 67% and 23% were others, whereas they were 16%, 53% and 31% in Korean, respectively. It has been apparent in onomatopoeias and mimetic words that Korean had many expressions of a sense of taste, while Japanese had many expressions of a sense of eating.
Lastly, there have been many difficulties in learning onomatopoeias and mimetic words as to eating; therefore, this study attempted to suggest their list for advanced Japanese learners and translators.
Through this study, it has been assumed that the Japanese onomatopoeias and mimetic words as to eating have been translated into diverse Korean words with similar meaning. Even the same onomatopoeias and mimetic Japanese words could be translated into different Korean words depending on the subjects represented. Therefore, it would be necessary to conduct further researches on how the same onomatopoeias and mimetic words could be translated according to the subjects and what differences they could have.
Furthermore, by using the list of onomatopoeias and mimetic words as to eating suggested here, this study attempted to find out the methods of learning them effectively. Meanwhile, the study on what educational effects the said methods will have is left for future assignment.
일본어는 다른 언어보다도 의성어·의태어가 발달한 언어로 그 종류와 쓰임새가 아주 다양하다. 그러므로 외국어로써 일본어를 배우는 학습자의 입장에서는 일본어의 의성어·의태어를 이...
일본어는 다른 언어보다도 의성어·의태어가 발달한 언어로 그 종류와 쓰임새가 아주 다양하다. 그러므로 외국어로써 일본어를 배우는 학습자의 입장에서는 일본어의 의성어·의태어를 이해하고 사용하는데 상당한 어려움을 느끼게 된다. 그래서 본고에서는 세계의 다른 언어보다 의성어·의태어가 발달했다고 할 수 있는 한일 양국의 食에 관한 의성어·의태어를 『ラーメン発見伝』과 그 번역본을 비교 분석함으로써 양국의 의성어·의태어에 대한 이해를 돕고자 하다.
만화 『ラーメン発見伝』과 그 번역본에 나오는 食에 관한 의성어·의태어를 통해 다음과 같은 사실을 밝힐 수 있었다.
첫째, 일본어의 食에 관한 의성어·의태어는 전체어수 427개, 개별어수 65개이고 한국어는 전체어수 402개, 개별어수 91개이다. 개별어 중 사전에 실린 것은 일본어가 60개, 한국어가 87개로 다른 의성어·의태어에 비해 食에 관한 의성어·의태어는 사전에 실린 비율이 높음을 알았다.
둘째, 형태적 특징에서 일본어 의성어·의태어는 4박어가 73.85%로 가장 많았다. 4박어 중에서도 반복형인 XYXY형이 개별어수 65개 중 29개로 가장 많았고 두 번째로 많은 것은 XtYr형으로 14개였다. 한국어 대응표현은 의성어·의태어와 비의성어·비의태어로 구분하였는데 의성어·의태어는 일본어와 마찬가지로 반복형이 많았는데 35개의 한국어 의성어·의태어 중 25개가 반복형이었다. 품사별로 나눈 비의성어·비의태어에서는 형용사가 40.66%로 가장 많은 비중을 차지했다.
셋째, 한국어와 일본어의 대응 관계에서는 일대일 대응이 12%, 일반어 대응은 77%, 설명식 대응 5%, 생략 6%로 나타났다. 일본어의 의성어·의태어에 대응되는 적절한 한국어를 찾지 못해 생략하거나 오역한 수가 적지 않다.
넷째, 食에 관한 의성어·의태어를 미각과 식감으로 구분하여 보았는데, 일본어의 경우는 미각표현이 10%, 식감표현이 67%, 기타 23%이고 한국어는 미각표현 16%, 식감표현 53%, 기타 31%로 나타났다. 한국어에는 미각표현이, 일본어에는 식감표현이 많다고 하는 것이 의성어·의태어에도 나타났다.
마지막으로 食에 관한 의성어·의태어를 학습하는데 곤란한 점이 많으므로 고급 수준의 일본어 학습자와 번역자를 위해 食에 관한 의성어·의태어 목록을 제안해 보았다.
본 연구를 통해 일본어의 食에 관한 의성어·의태어가 한국어로 번역될 때 비슷한 의미를 가진 다양한 단어로 표현됨을 알 수 있었다. 같은 의성어·의태어라도 나타내는 대상에 따라 한국어로 다르게 번역될 수 있는 것이다. 그러므로 같은 의성어·의태어가 대상에 따라서 어떻게 번역되며 어떠한 차이가 있는지에 대해서 연구해 나가야 할 것이다.
또 본고에서 제안한 食에 관한 의성어·의태어 목록을 활용하여 의성어·의태어를 효과적으로 학습할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고 실제로 어떠한 교육적 효과가 있었는지에 대한 연구는 앞으로의 과제로 삼고자 한다.
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